HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Health Maintenance and Home Maintenance Management

Health Maintenance
Activities or behaviors that a stable and healthy individual uses to maintain or improve his state of health over time. Includes:
Assuming responsibility for ones self Making informed decisions or choices Having self-worth Managing stress

Characteristics

Perception of Health An individuals ability to maintain a desired level of health and wellness is dependent on his perception of his current health status as well as knowledge to manage positive health behaviors. Motivation to Change Direction if Needed An individuals perception and understanding of his health leads to the accountability and responsibility he will assume for his health whether or not he is motivated to change direction, or not. Adherence to Management Goals Reducing health risks is not always easy because the decision to change ones state of health may involve situational factors and new awareness of the behavior that is considered risky

Normal Health Maintenance

Health Promotion Health promotion activities are those behaviors that seek to expand ones potential for health or simply to allow one to feel a lot better.
Increasing dietary fiber intake Avoiding artificial food additives and refined carbohydrates Developing regular patterns of exercise and sleep Establishing and maintaining friendships Being environmentally-concerned

Normal Health Maintenance

Disease Prevention Disease or illness prevention are activities that avoid the occurrence of disease or illness. Universal Precaution
Aim to prevent or delay the occurence of certain preventable conditions. All individuals, without screening, are provided with information and skills necessary to prevent the problem. Focus on groups whose risk of developing health problems and/or conditions is above average. Used to identify individuals who exhibit early signs of preventable healthcare problems and/or other problem behaviors.

Selective Prevention

Indicated Prevention

Normal Health Maintenance

Health Perception and Health Maintenance

Strong perception of and all about health Strong motivation for an optimal level of wellness Setting of health goals and seeking help in managing them Sufficient financial resources to maintain health Safe environment at home and work Performance of activities of daily living

Normal Health Maintenance

Nutrition and Metabolism Sufficient knowledge of nutrition Planning of daily menu carefully Obtaining and digestion of appropriate amounts of nutrients to promote optimal nutrition Protection of the body against infection Maintenance of homeostatic thermoregulation Elimination

Regular schedule for elimination Understanding of body processes in digestion and elimination Hygiene after elimination

Normal Health Maintenance

Cognition and Perception

Optimal cerebral functioning Building of knowledge and skills Quality sensory perception Sleep and Rest
Regular sleep pattern Balanced work and rest Time for relaxation

Normal Health Maintenance

Self-perception and Self-concept Level- appropriate developmental activities Positive self-concept Stable body image Recognition and appreciation of unique personal identity Recognition of uniqueness of other people

Roles and Relationships Functional verbal and nonverbal communication Participation in social interactions Meaningful relationships Intrinsic mechanisms or support persons to help with coping during grieving

Normal Health Maintenance

Sexuality and Reproduction Valid knowledge about sexual functioning and human sexuality Acceptance of sexual functions and sexuality as normal Recognition and acceptance of personal sexual feelings Healthy lifestyle during pregnancy

Values and Beliefs Respect for all life and quality of life Realistic goals for self based on value decisions Demonstration of zeal for life Spiritual sustenance

Normal Health Maintenance

Coping and Stress Tolerance

Decisions that reflect understanding of personal limitations Protection of self against overwhelming situations and changes Ability keep in touch with personal needs while balancing lifes roles with minimal conflict

Causes of Problems
Environment pollution, proximity to highways, lack of safe play area, inadequate housing, unsanitary conditions Poverty homelessness, overcrowded quarters, poor sleep, poor nutrition, unemployment, knowledge deficit about health maintenance, lack of motivation to improve practices, difficulty obtaining health resources Unhealthy lifestyle and habits lack of exercise, poor diet, smoking, alcoholism, use of illicit drugs and substances, multiple sexual partners, lack of sleep, lack of contraception, poor dental hygiene, disregard for safety

Manifestations of Alterations
Chronic illnesses hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with diet, stress, smoking and obesity; cancer, GI illnesses, musculoskeletal and dermatologic disorders Accidents and injuries MV accidents, falls, drowning, workrelated injuries, unwanted pregnancy, STD transmission Childhood and developmental problems tooth decay, growth retardation, learning difficulties, infectious diseases Psychosocial problems addiction, anxiety, depression, social rejection

Interventions
Explore with client his beliefs about health and his expectations Encourage modification of client lifestyle through smoking cessation and diet modification Promote a regular exercise program Identify mechanisms for managing stress Teach client about common illnesses and risk factors appropriate to age of client Teach client about self-examination techniques for early detection of dysfunction Encourage client to undergo routine physical examination, health screenings, and immunizations Encourage client to contact resources and support services to assist him with health maintenance

Home Maintenance
Ability of a person to independently maintain a safe, growth-promoting immediate environment that includes the ability to care for basic needs and to manage the complex activities necessary for independent functioning in society.

Requirements
Safe and affordable shelter Adequate financial resources to purchase food, clothing, medical care, and pay for utility services Household tasks Normal daily activities hygiene, cooking, dressing, grooming of the family Mobility ability to move freely both within and outside the home environment Cognitive ability to understand how to organize work, manage financial responsibilities, and ensure home safety Availability of transportation and communications facilities Absence of alterations in health Community resources and social support systems

Characteristics
Balance balance between what the person needs to do and what the person can do for himself
Perform activities (bathing, grooming, dressing, feeding, toileting) and demands (responsibilities) of daily living Person can use internal (strength, knowledge, endurance, motivation) or external (friends, family, money, services) resources

Growth promotion basic needs as shelter, nutrition, safety, and nurturing Resources and support systems

Causes of Problems
Deficits in health promotion and safety - potential for injury, alterations in health maintenance, knowledge deficit Cognitive and sensory deficits visual impairments or loss of sight, severe pain, altered thought processes, dementia, mental illness Decreased mobility medical problems (musculoskeletal, neurologic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, fractures, cancer) Alteration in nutrition inability to provide adequate nutrition, depression, lack of financial resources, physical changes in digestion Insufficient family or social support Insufficient community resources

Manifestations of Alterations
Verbalization of altered home maintenance management either through acknowledging inability to maintain an adequate and safe environment or requesting for advice or assistance Inability to function safely
Decreased ability for self-care or care of the members of the family Decreased maintenance of safe and clean living space Decreased maintenance of economic obligations Decreased cognitive functioning and ability to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli

Manifestations of Alterations
Lack of external support and resources

Family stress reduced ability to cope, alterations in functional abilities, financial loss, physical or verbal abuse Poor environmental conditions unhealthy or unsanitary living conditions Homelessness no regular shelter to live in

Decreased ability or availability of caregivers to perform selfcare activities Decreased assistance in meeting financial obligations Inability to reach available resources Unavailability of community resources or services specific to the clients needs

Interventions

Enhance Clients Internal Resources Improve physical or psycho-cognitive abilities Provide exercise, cognitive therapy or group activities Administer medications to promote client comfort and mobility as needed Provide psychological support and encouragement

Interventions

Provide General Interventions that Promote Home Maintenance Management Teach client about
Medications Dietary modifications Medical equipment and procedures to be used in the home Ambulation techniques to improve safety Community and social resources and how these can be accessed Home safety measures Solving anticipated problems

Interventions
Provide General Interventions that Promote Home Maintenance Management Conduct discharge planning with the client

Assist client receive appropriate healthcare options and placement

Assist client in making the transition from the assumptions he has about himself to new assumptions Provide for continuity of care through home health visits and referrals Coordinate community and social services for the client Facilitate the clients transition Low level care temporary homemaker services, adult or child-day care centers Moderate level care home health care, residential care, respite care High-level care continual permanent or intensive, hospices, hightechnology home care, rehabilitation, long-term care facilities, skilled nursing facilities

Interventions
Provide General Interventions that Promote Home Maintenance Management Help client minimize feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, stress or powerlessness by negotiating a contract with client or caregiver regarding the identified responsibilities in order to provide a sense of control and empowerment Enhance clients external resources
Arrange services for client and his family Advocate for the client if community services are unavailable Provide mechanical assistive devices Advocate for the renovation of the clients physical environment to allow easy access, increase mobility, and increase safety