Leadership

Session I MMS- Sem I

Contents
Leadership Scope of Leadership Types of Leadership

Sources of Power of A Leader

Characteristics of Leadership Qualities associated with leadership Leadership Cycles Leadership Functions and Roles Difference Between Leading and Managing Key Aspects which a leader cannot afford to ignore

Definition of Leadership
Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized

group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement.

(Stogdill, 1950, p. 3)
Three key components to this definition:
an interpersonal process between one person and a group

cant have leaders without followers

criterion for effective leadership = goal achievement

Definition of Leadership
Leadership, as distinct from power, consists of three components:
The ability to influence others The willingness to do so The ability to influence in such a way those others responds willingly.

Comprehensive Definition of Leadership :

Leadership is influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve

organizational objectives through change.

Leadership Definition Key Elements:

Influence

LeaderFollower Leadership

Organization Objective

Change

People

Leader-Follower : In the above definition of Leadership the influencing process is between leaders and followers, not just a leader influencing followers; its a two way process. Knowing how to lead and developing leadership skills will make you a better leader and follower. Influence : Influencing is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change. Influence is the essence of leadership. Influencing includes power, politics and negotiating.

Organizational Objectives : High performance leaders influence followers to think not only of their own interests, but the interest of the organization. Leadership occurs when followers are influenced to do what is ethical and beneficial for the organization and themselves. Leaders need to provide direction; with the input of the followers, they set challenging objectives and lead the charge ahead to achieve them. Change : Influencing and setting objectives is about change. Organizations need to continually change, in adapting to the rapidly changing global environment. People : Although the term people is not specifically mentioned in the above definition of Leadership, after reading about the other elements, one can realize that leadership is about leading people.

Effective Leadership :
Leaders with the power and personal traits to be effective in a leadership situation can lead by taking four sets of actions: Providing a vision. Thinking like a leader. Using the right leadership style. Using organizational behavior leadership skills.

Scope of Leadership
One can govern oneself, or one can govern the whole earth. In between, we may find leaders who operate primarily within:
Youth Families Bands

Tribes
States and Nations Empires

Types of Leadership
One can categorize leadership as either actual or potential: Actual: giving guidance or direction, as in the phrase the emperor has provided satisfactory leadership. Potential: the capacity or ability to lead, as in the concept born to lead.

Sources of Power of Leader:

Basically, a leader derives power through two

sources called a position power and personal power. Position Power: It is received by virtue of his position, authority, delegation from top, in built into formal organizational structure. Personal Power: It is received by virtue of his personality (behavior) comes from followers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP:
1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

Self Confidence Energy\Interest in winning\ambition Faith in others Ability to take decisions Sense of timing Clarity

LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
* ENERGY A leader should have both mental and physical energy to work for sufficiently long hours without feeling tired. * EMOTIONAL MATURITY AND STABILITY A leader should act with self confidence avoid anger, take decisions on a rational basis and think clearly. He should not be whimsical but consistent in his action because of his emotional stability and cool mind. According to Koontx and O' Donnele;" Leaders cannot afford to become panicky, unsure of themselves in the face of conflicting forces, doubtful of their principle when challenged, or amenable to influence." * KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN RELATION A leader should have an understanding behavior i.e. he should know people their needs, sentiments, emotions, and also their action and reaction to particular decisions their motivations etc.

* OBJECTIVITY
A leader's approach to any issue problem should be objectivity and not based on any pressure, fear, bias, prejudice or preconceived notice. His decision should base upon reasoning, facts and a careful analysis of a problem. Objectivity is a vital aspect of analytical decision-making. It also helps to ensure a fair; consistent course of action from the leader.

* EMAPATHY
A leader should be able to look at things objectively and from the point of view of others. He should respect the right of others. Their beliefs and sentiments In other words, he should equip himself to meet challenges emerging from the action and reaction of other people. The leader should be perspective or empathetic towards his subordinate followers so that they can discern their strengths, weaknesses, and ambition and can give them the attention they deserve. * PERSONAL MOTIVATION This involves the creation of enthusiasm within the leader himself to get the job done. It is only through enthusiasm that one can achieve what it wants.

* COMMUNICATION SKILLS
A leader should able to talk and write carefully and precisely. He should have the ability persuades inform, stimulate, direct and convince his subordinates that it is in their own interest to offer their willing cooperation in the performance of his task. * TEACHING ABILITIES A leader should have the ability to demonstrate, how to accomplish a particular task to correct errors, prepare followers for achievement and ask question and offer suggestions. * SOCIAL SKILL He should understand his people and their weak and strong points have the ability to win their confidence and loyalty, be helpful, friendly, sympathetic, and easy approachable.

* TECHNICAL COMPETENCE He should have a thorough knowledge of competence in the principles, procedures and operations of job. Technical skill involves specialized knowledge, analytical skill and a facility in the use of the tools and techniques of a specific discipline. * INTEGRITY Leader should be morally sound in the word of Fredrick Taylor. Integrity is that straight forward honesty of purpose which makes a man truthful not only to others but to himself, which makes a man high minded and gives him high aspiration and high ideas."

* CONCEPTUAL SKILL
He must have the ability to look at the enterprises as a whale, to recognize that the various function of an organization depend upon one another and are interrelated, that change in one affects all the other. In the words of Chester Branard the essential aspect of the executive process is the sensing of organization as a whole and the total situation relevant to it."

* MORAL COURAGE A leader should have the moral courage to do the thing in which they believe is right. According to field Marshal Slim "Without courage, there are no virtues for faith, hope, charity and all rest do not become virtues until there is courage to exercise them." * FLEXIBILITY OF MIND A leader should have flexible mind so that he may change in obedience to the change in circumstances. * ABILITY TO ESTABLISH PROPER PRIORTIES He must have the ability to see what is important and what is not when decision is necessary. The gifted leader knows which alternative is worthy of consideration.

Leadership Cycles
Traditional closed groups: It rely on blood lines or

seniority to select leaders or leadership candidates. Competence or Perceived Competence: Provides a possible basis for selecting leadership elites from a broader pool of potential talent. Many organizations and groups: It aim to identify, grow, foster and promote what they see as leadership potential or ability. The issue of Succession Planning: In this legitimation becomes important at times when leadership might or must change due to term expiry, accident etc.

Leadership Function:
Supportive
Emphasis On Goals
Behavior which enhances the members feelings of personal worth and importance.

Behavior which stimulates enthusiasm for meeting the group goals with excellence

Facilitation of Work

Behavior which manifests itself in such activities as planning, scheduling, coordinating and providing resources, Information and other infrastructural facilities.

Facilitation of Interaction

Behavior which encourages group members to develop close and mutually satisfying relationship.

Role of A Leader:
Type of Role Requirement from the leader

Group Task Role

Group Building and Maintenance Individual

Initiator-contributor, information seeker, opinion seeker, information giver, opinion giver, elaborator, co-ordinator, orienter.
Encourager, harmonizer, compromiser, standard setter, group observer. Aggressor, recognition, seeker, self confessor, special help pleader.

Leader Vs Manager
Leadership can, however, be simply defined as the act of making an

impact on others in a desired direction. In this sense leadership is a broader term than management.
Leaders are people who are able to influence others and who possess

managerial authority. Managers can run organizations effectively, but only leaders can build them.

Personality Dimension Attitudes toward goals

Manager

Leader

Impersonal, passive, functional; goals arise out of necessity, reality

Personal, active, goals arise from desire, imagination Looks for fresh approaches to old problems; seeks high risk Comfortable in solitary work; encourages close relationships, not averse to conflict Questions life; struggles for sense of order.

Conceptions of Combines people, ideas, work things; seeks moderate risk Relationships with others Sense of self Prefers to work with others; avoids close relationships and conflicts Accepts life as it is; unquestioning

Key Aspects that a Leader Cannot afford to Ignore

Aspect 1 Learn to Delegate:

A key aspect of leadership is delegation. Unless you delegate tasks to your subordinates, your team will become inefficient and demoralized. I not only use all the brains I have but all I can borrow. - Woodrow Wilson

Aspect 2
Leader should know to direct the teams:

When directing a small team it is important to structure the tasks to be performed. Goals should be easily understood by everyone and tasks broken down so that they appear achievable.

Aspect 3
Holding the team together.

One function that a leader of a team must perform is holding the team together. A leader is responsible for: o Ensuring project goals are met o Ensuring a full team effort o Keeping the team happy

Aspect 4
Constructive resolution of Disputes

The role of a team leader is to handle disagreements constructively, ensuring that the team remained focused on achieving its goals.