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the Philippines
Early beliefs and practices
Diseases and their causes and treatment were shrouded
with mysticism and superstitions.
1. Beliefs about causation of disease:
a. Another person (an enemy or a witch)
b. Evil spirits
2. People believe that evil spirits could be driven
away by persons with powers to expel
demons.
3. People believed in special gods of healing, with
the priest physician (called “word doctors”) as
intermediary. If they used leaves or roots, they
were called herb doctors (“Herbolarios”).
Early care of the sick
The early Filipinos subscribed to superstitious beliefs
and practices in relation to health and sickness.
Herbmen were called “Herbicheros”, meaning one who
practice witch craft. Persons suffering from diseases
without any identified cause were believed to be
bewitched by the “mangkukulam” or “mangagaway”.
Difficult childbirth and some diseases (called “pamao”)
were attributed to “nonos”. Midwife assisted in child birth.
During labor, the “mabuting hilot” (good midwife) was
called in. If the became difficult, witches were supposed
to be the cause. To disperse their influence, gunpowder
was exploded from a bamboo cane close to the head of
the sufferer.
The Earliest Hospitals Established:
2. Rosa Sevilla de Alvero. Converted their house into quarters for the Filipino
soldier, during the Philippine-American War that broke our 1899.
3. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo. Wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; organized Filipino
Red
Cross under the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini.
4. Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo. Second – wife of Emilio Aguinaldo
provided
nursing care to Filipino soldiers during the revolution. President of the
Filipino
Red Cross branch in Batangas.
5. Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora). Nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers
and
gave them shelter and food.
Capitan Salome.
A revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided
nursing care to the wounded when not in combat.
Agueda Kahabagan.
Revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing
services to his troops.
Anastacia Giron-Tupas
First Filipino
nurse to occupy the position of chief nurse and
superintendent in the Philippines,
4.St. Luke’s Hospital of Nursing (Quezon City
,1907)
Is an Episcopalian Institution
It began as a small dispensary in 1903
In 1907 ,school opened w/ three Filipino girls
admitted ,
These girls had their first year in combined
classes w/ the Philippine General Hospital
School of Nursing and St. Paul’s Hospital
School of Nursing.
Miss Helen Hicks
was the first principal of St. Luke’s Hospital
of Nursing
Vitaliana Beltran
was the first Filipino superintendent of
nurses
Jose Fores
was the first Filipino medical director of the
hospital.
Following Requirements:
Educational preparation, at least
completion of seventh grade
Sound physical and mental health
Good moral character.
Good family and social standing
Recommendations from three different
persons well known in the community.
5.Mary Johnston Hospital and School
Nursing (Manila,1907)
It started as a small dispensary on Calle
Cervantes (now Avenida Rizal).
Was called Bethany Dispensary
Was funded by the Methodist Mission for
the relief of suffering among women and
children.
Sr. Rebecca Parrish , Rose Dudley and
Gertrude Dreisback
Donated a large sum of money with w/c the present building at Gastambide was
bought.
Tuason Annex
Was donated by Miss Esperanza Tuazon –a Filipino Philantropist.