BAHASA INGGRIS 1

UNIT 2 PRONOUN
Pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun.

The Use of Pronoun

We use pronoun ( he, she, which, none, you, etc) to make the sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive.

Kinds of PRONOUNS
1.

2.
3.

4.
5. 6. 7.

Personal Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Intensive Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.

1. Personal Pronouns
Subjective Personal Pronouns Objective Personal Pronouns Possessive Personal pronouns

Subjective Personal Pronoun

Indicates that the pronoun is acting as the subject of the sentence. I You She He It We They

Subjective Personal Pronoun

I

was glad to find the bus pass in the bottom of the green knapsack.

student walked into the room. He was looking for the teacher.

Subjective Personal Pronoun

When

a student wants to study, ___ should try to find a quiet place. a student wants to study, he or she should try to find a quiet place.

When

Objective Personal Pronouns

Indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb , preposition, or infinitive phrase.

Objective Personal Pronouns

The objective personal pronouns are:
Me You Her It Us Them

Him

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example: After reading the pamphlet, Judy threw it into the garbage can. The pronoun it is the direct object of the verb threw.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example: Deborah and Roberta will meet us at the newest caf in the market. The objective personal pronoun us is the direct object of the compound verb will meet.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example: Give the list to me.

The objective personal pronoun me is the direct object of the preposition to.

Objective Personal Pronouns

Example: Christopher was surprised to see her at the drag races. The objective personal pronoun her is the direct object of the infinitive phrase to see.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

The possessive personal pronouns are:

Mine Yours Hers

Its Ours Theirs

His

DISTINGUISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
my your his her its our their

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
mine yours his hers ours theirs

must be accompanied cannot be accompanied by a noun by a noun

Possessive Personal Pronouns

They

lent me their book.

ADJECTIVE

They

lent me theirs.
PRONOUN

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Examples: The smallest gift is mine. This is yours. The possessive pronouns mine and yours functions as a subject complement.

Possessive Personal Pronouns

Examples: His is on the kitchen counter. Ours is the green one on the corner. The possessive pronouns his and ours functions as the subject of the sentence.

Exercise
My name is Charlie. _____have two brothers. ____are both older than ____. Sometimes they take me to the park and ______ play football together. I like playing football with _____ because they are very good. We are going to the park today. Would you like to come with _____? ______ can all play together. Afterwards, _____ can come to my house if ____ want to. I think ____ will like my dad. He is very funny and ____ makes great pizzas. Do ____ like pizza?

2. Demonstrative Pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns
This
That

These
Those

Singular nouns/ noun phrases This

That

Plural nouns/ noun phrases ___

___

Nearby either in space/ in time

Farther away in space or time ___

___

These
Those

___
___ ___

___

2. Demonstrative Pronouns
Example: This must not continue.

This is used as the subject of the compound verb must not continue.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns
This is puny; that is the tree I want. This is used as subject and refers to something close to the speaker. That is also a subject but refers to something farther away from the speaker.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns
This is my desk. These are my pets. That is my friends house. Those are horses.

3. Interrogative Pronouns
An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions.

3. Interrogative Pronouns
Who
Whom Which What Whomever

Whichever
Whatever

3. Interrogative Pronouns
Which

wants to see the dentist

first? Who wrote the novel Rockbound? Whom do you think we should invite? To whom do you wish to speak? Who will meet the delegates at the train station?

4. Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause.

4. Relative Pronouns
You

may invite whomever you like to the party. candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

The

Who, which, that (Pronouns used as a subject)

I thanked the woman. She helped me. I thanked the woman who helped me. I thanked the woman that helped me. Who= used for people Which= used for things That= used for both people and things

Exercise
I saw the man. He closed the door. 2. The student is from China. He sits next to me. 3. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses. 4. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
1.

Whom, Which, That (Pronouns used as the object)

The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him. The man whom I saw was Mr. Jones. The man that I saw was Mr. Jones. The man I saw was Mr. Jones.

Exercises
The book was good. I read it. 2. I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night. 3. I liked the composition. You wrote it. 4. The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.
1.

WHOSE
I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

Exercises
1. 2. 3. 4.

I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation. The people were nice. We visited their house.

5. Indefinite Pronouns
Is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing.

The most common indefinite pronouns are:

all
anything few several

another
each many some

any

anybody

anyone

everybody everyone everything nobody none One

somebody someone

Examples:

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up. The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor.

SUBJECT/ VERB AGREEMENT AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

These words or expressions are grammatically singular, so they take singular verbs:

anybody everybody nobody somebody each (+ noun) anyone everyone no one someone every (+ noun) anything everything nothing something

6. Reflexive Pronouns
We use a reflexive pronoun when the subject and object are the same.

SINGULAR First Person Second person Third person myself yourself

PLURAL ourselves yourselves

himself, themselves herself, itself

6. Reflexive Pronouns
Examples:

Tom cut himself while he was shaving this morning. (not Tom cut him)
Dont get angry. Control yourself! (said to one person)

6. Reflexive Pronouns
Examples:

If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (said to more than one person)
We tortured ourselves with the thought of the upcoming exam. (the action of torturing is being reflected back to the subject)

6. Reflexive Pronouns
1. My brother built this computer________. 2. Be careful not to cut _____ with that knife. 3. John was looking at ____ in the mirror. 4. Kate fell and hurt ___. 5. Our cat washes ____ after every meal. 6. We baked the cake by ____. 7. Come in, everybody, and find ____ a seat. 8. The children cleaned their room all by ____. 9. Bears like to rub ____ against a tree. 10.The bird washed ___ by splashing in a puddle. 11.The players train every day to keep ____ fit. 12.Have ____ a good time.

6. Reflexive Pronouns
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. My brother built this computer himself. Be careful not to cut yourself with that knife. John was looking at himself in the mirror. Kate fell and hurt herself. Our cat washes itself after every meal. We baked the cake by ourselves. Come in, everybody, and find yourselves a seat. 8. The children cleaned their room all by themselves. 9. Bears like to rub themselves against a tree. 10.The bird washed itself by splashing in a puddle. 11.The players train every day to keep themselves fit. 12.Have yourselves a good time.

7. Intensive Pronouns
Is a pronoun used to emphasize its antecedent. Examples:

I myself believe that aliens should abduct my sister. The Prime Minister himself said that he would lower taxes.

Using Pronouns Clearly

Pronouns should: 1. AGREE in NUMBER For example: If a student parks a car on campus, he or she has to buy a parking sticker. (NOT: If a student parks a car on campus, they have to buy a parking sticker.)

Using Pronouns Clearly

2. AGREE in PERSON If you are writing in the "first person" ( I), don't confuse your reader by switching to the "second person" ( you) or "third person" (he, she, they, it, etc.). Similarly, if you are using the "second person," don't switch to "first" or "third. When a person comes to class, he or she should have his or her homework ready. (NOT: When a person comes to class, you should have your homework ready.)

Pronoun detail
subjec t
I

object
Me

poss.
Mine

ref/int
Myself

poss.adj
My

We
You They He She It

Us
You Them Him Her It

Ours
Yours Theirs Him Hers Its

Ourselves
Yourself Themselve s Himself Herself Itself

Our
Your Their His Her it

Examples
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. My father bought me a new dress. She loves him very much. Have you returned her book. This is her car and that car is mine You might ask yourself about this problem 6. I myself went to Bali last year. 7. Dont take my money. You have yours. 8. I have a cat. It is sleeping under the chair

Identify the underlined words into personal pronouns

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The table itself is made of wooden Where do you buy your gloves? Her mother gave me some sweet. I am teaching myself to play guitar. They need our address He has his own book and I also have mine 7. Ask her why she is crying 8. Where is my cat? It might be in the kitchen

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