Objectives..

Definition

INBAND & OUTOF BAND signaling

CAS&ISDN at a Glance SS7 Protocol Stack&Standerds C7 Layer concepts Signaling Units & Frame formats C7 Error Correction C7 Network Layer function

MSU in detail
Userpart Layer ISUP messages & Call flow Something about SCCP A little about TCAP C7 in INAP What is SIGTRAN

SS7 Architecture

Definition

Signaling System Number 7 (SS#7) is the protocol used by the telephone companies for interoffice signaling. In the past, in-band signaling techniques were used on interoffice trunks. This method of signaling used the same physical path for both the call-control signaling and the actual connected call. This method of signaling is inefficient and is rapidly being replaced by out-of-band or common-channel signaling techniques

BASIC SIGNALING TYPES 1.IN BAND SIGNALLING 2.OUT OF BAND SIGNALLING

IN BAND SIGNALING MFCR2(CAS) Line Singnalling

Registered Singnalling

IN BAND SIGNALING.. DSS1-ISDN

Application Layer End to - End User Signalling Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Q.931 X.25 For further call control packet level study LAPD (Q.921) (Data Link Layer) Network Layer X.25 packet level Frame relay LAPB

I.430 Basic Interface + I.431 Primary Interface (Physical Layer) Control Signalling Packet Telemetry Circuit switched SemiPacket permanent switched

D Channel

B and H Channels

PROTOCOL STACK SS7

OSI LAYER

SS7 LAYER

PROTOCOL Standards SS7

PHYSICAL LAYER - 2048 KHz TRANSMISSION

2048 KHz rate (one frame) t30 t31 t0 t1 t2 t15 t16 t17 t30 t31 t0 t1

8 bits per time slot 32 time slots per frame 256 bits per frame 1 frame : 125 sec.

frame 14

frame 15

frame 0

frame 1 Multiframe

frame 15

frame 0

Message Signaling Unit

01111110

01111110

CK

SIF

SIO

S P A R E

F B LI I FSN I BSN B B 1 7 1 7

16

2-272 Bytes

2 6

279 Bytes

Total Time required to transmit 1 MSU with 272 bytes SIF 1 bytes = 125 Micro second One MSU = 279 X .000125 = 0.0348 Seconds 1 Second = 28 MSUs

Signaling Units Passing in Physical Layer

Format of Message Signal Unit (MSU) F CK SIF SIO
S P A R E

F B LI I FSN I BSN B B

Direction of transmission Format of Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU) F CK SF

S P A R E

F B LI I FSN I BSN B B

Format of Fill-in Signal Unit (FISU)

F CK
S P A R E

F B LI I FSN I BSN B B

F Flag (8) SIF Signaling Information Field (8n, n>2) CK Checksum (16) SIO Service Information Octet (8) LI Length Indicator (6) FIB Forward Indicator Bit (1) FSN Forward Sequence Number (7) BIB Backward Indicator Bit (1) BSN Backward Sequence Number (7)SF Status Field (8 or 16)

DATA LINK LAYER

The DATA-link level provides a reliable transfer of signaling messages between two directly connected signaling points over one individual signaling data link. The link-level functions include: Delimiting of frames. Alignment of frames. Error detection.(Basic & PCR) Error correction by retransmission. Initial alignment of data link.

Error monitoring and reporting.

Link-flow control.

Basic Frame

Error correction Method-Basic

A B

Normal No Error

Basic ERROR CORRECTION -With Error

LENGTH INDICATOR

LI = 0 indicates a FISU.
LI = 1 or 2 indicates an LSSU. LI > 2 indicates a MSU

NETWORK LAYER
Level 4 User Parts Message Transfer Part (Level 3) Signalling Network Functions Signalling Message Handling Message Message Distribution Discrimination Message Routing Signalling Network Management Signalling Traffic Management Signalling Route Management Signalling Link Management Level 2 MTP

Testing & Maintenance

Signalling Message Flow Indications and Control

Network Management (LSSU)

FORMAT..

USAGE OF CBA

Alignment & Proving

8.2 Sec-Normal Alignment 0.5 Sec-Emergency Alignment

Service Information Octet (SIO)

In message signal units (MSUs), the service information octet (SIO) is used to perform message distribution. This octet is divided into a four-bit service indicator (SI) and a four-bit subservice field. This subservice field is further divided into a two-bit network-indicator code and two bits that are spare if the indicator code is 00 or 01, or are available for national use if the indicator code is 10 or 11.

SIGNALLING NETWORK FUNCTIONS

Signaling Message Handling SERVICE INFORMATION OCTET D C B A Sub-service field (4 bits) D C B A Service indicator (4 bits)

Direction of transmission
Sub-service field = Network Indicator (Bits A & B are spare) Bit D 0 0 1 1 Bit C Network Indicator 0 1 0 1 International Network Not used National network Reserved for national use

SIGNALLING NETWORK FUNCTIONS

Signaling Message Handling SIO - Service Indicator Field D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A Network Indicator (National /International Signaling Network) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Signaling network management messages Signaling network testing and maintenance messages Spare SCCP Telephone user part ISDN User Part Data User Part (call and circuit-related messages) Data User Part (facility registration and cancellation messages) Reserved for MTP Testing User Part Broadband ISDN User Part Satellite ISDN User Part

Spare

Routing Label

Type C message

SIF (2-272 bytes)

CIC (12 bits) SLS (4 bits) OPC (14 bits)

DPC (14 bits)

SLS Signaling Link Selection OPC Originating Point Code DPC Destination Point Code CIC - Circuit Identification code

Direction of transmission

Heading Codes-Network Management (SNM)

.
Heading codes for signaling-network management messages

Examples of changeover and an MSU containing the changeover message.

CCS7 - APPLICATION LAYER (LEVEL-4)

ISUP(ISDN USER PART )

The ISDN User Part is the Signaling System No. 7 protocol which provides the signaling functions required to support basic bearer services and supplementary services for voice and non-voice applications in an integrated services digital network. The ISDN User Part is also suited for application in dedicated telephone and circuit switched data networks and in analogue and mixed analogue/digital networks.

ISUP MESSAGES
Message Address Complete Answer Blocking Blocking acknowledgement Call progress Circuit group blocking Circuit group blocking acknowledgement Circuit group query Circuit group query response Circuit group reset Circuit group reset acknowledgement Circuit group unblocking Circuit group unblocking acknowledgement Charge information (National specific) Confusion Hex Code Binary Code 06 00000110 09 00001001 13 00010011 15 00010101 2C 00101100 18 00011000 1A 00011010 2A 00101010 2B 00101011 17 00010111 29 00101001 19 00011001 1B 00011011 31 00110001 2F 00101111 (Continued in the next slide)

ISUP MESSAGES
Message Connect Continuity Continuity check request Facility Facility accepted Facility reject Facility request Forward transfer Identification request Identification response Information Information request Initial address Loop back acknowledgement Network resource management Hex Code Binary Code 07 00000111 05 00000101 11 00010001 33 00110011 20 00100000 21 00100001 1F 00011111 08 00001000 36 00110110 37 00110111 04 00000100 03 00000011 01 00000001 24 00100100 32 00110010 (Continued in the next slide)

ISUP MESSAGES
Message Overload Pass-along Release Release complete Reset Circuit Resume Segmentation Subsequent address Suspend Unblocking Unblocking acknowledgement Unequipped CIC User part available User part test User to User information Hex Code 30 28 0C 10 12 0E 38 2 0D 14 16 2E 35 34 2D Binary Code 00110000 00101000 00001100 00010000 00010010 00001110 00111000 00000010 00001101 00010100 00010110 00101110 00110101 00110100 00101101

Below are short descriptions of some messages

Address Complete Message (ACM). Sent in the backward direction to indicate that all the required address signals have been received. Subsequent Address Message (SAM). Sent in the forward direction to convey additional called-party number information.

Answer Message (ANM). Sent in the backward direction to indicate that the call has been answered and that metering or measurement of call duration can start. Call Progress Message (CPG). Sent in either direction during the setup or active phase of the call, indicating that an event has occurred which is of significance and which should be relayed to the originating or terminating access.

Release Message (REL). Sent to indicate that the circuit is being released.

Release Complete Message (RLC). Sent in response

to a release message to indicate that the circuit has been released and brought into the idle condition.

Charge Information Message (CIM). Sent for accounting and/or charging purposes. Confusion Message (CFN). Sent in response to any message the exchange does not recognise.

Initial Address Message (IAM). Sent in the forward

direction to initiate seizure of an outgoing circuit and to transmit the number and other information related to the routing and handling of the call. Circuit Group Blocking Message (CGB). Sent to cause an engaged condition for a group of circuits for subsequent outgoing calls.

CCS7 SIGNALLING ISUP MESSAGE FLOW BETWEEN TWO EXCHANGES

User part ISUP Speech circuits

User part ISUP

User message

User message

Message Transfer part

Signalling data link

Message Transfer part

MTP component

User information

MTP Address component

User message

INTER TAX CALL EXAMPLE : MFC-ISUP-ISUP INTERWORKING

tel
Off hook DT Dialling 1st digit

LS

TS

TS

LS

tel

Seizure
A5, A1 Sequence IAM A3 ACM

Dialling last digit

IAM ACM Ringing

RBT

B6

Off hook
Conversation Answer Metering pulse ANM ANM

FORMAT OF ISUP MESSAGES

The Format of Signaling Information Field in the ISUP Message Signal Unit is given below:

Routing Label
Circuit Identification Code (CIC) Message Type Code Mandatory Fixed Part Mandatory Variable Part

Optional Part

MTP Routing Label and Circuit Identification Code

ISUP Message Format

Message Type Mandatory Parameter A

Mandatory Parameter F Pointer to Parameter M Pointer to Parameter P Pointer to Optional Part Length Indicator of M Parameter M Length Indicator of P Parameter P Parameter name X Length Indicator of X Optional Parameter X

Mandatory Fixed Part

Mandatory Variable Part

Optional Part Parameter name Z Length Indicator Z Optional Parameter Z End of Optional Part

FORMAT OF IAM MESSAGES

Checkup Signal Trace

Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

SCCP services are divided into two groups:

Connection-oriented services.
Connectionless services.

SCCP Connectionless services.

Class 0: Basic Connectionless Class.
Data are transported independently of each other and may therefore be delivered out of sequence. This corresponds to a pure connectionless network service.

Class 1: Sequenced Connectionless Class. In protocol class 1 the features of class 0 are complemented by a sequence control. By use of the

signalling link selection field, the same link is selected

for all messages in one call. This secures sequence control and is identical to the standard service provided by the MTP to the user parts.

The connectionless protocol classes 0 and 1 provide

functions necessary to transfer one network service data unit (NSDU). The maximum length of an NSDU is restricted to 32 octets in the international network and

256 octets in the national network.

SCCP Connection Oriented services.

Class 2: Basic Connection-oriented Class. In protocol class 2, bi-directional transfer of NSDUs is done by setting up a temporary or permanent signalling connection. This corresponds to a simple connection-oriented network service.

Class 3: Flow Control Connection-oriented Class. In protocol class 3, the features of protocol class 2 are complemented by the inclusion of flow control, with its associated capability of expedited data transfer. Moreover, an additional capability of

detecting message loss and mis-sequencing is

included. In such circumstances, the signalling connection is reset and a corresponding notification is given by the SCCP to the higher layers.

Connection-oriented Data Transfer

Data is being transferred only after a Virtual signaling connection is made Between the Source Node to the destination Node Examples:BSC to MSC connectivity for MAP messages

Connectionless Data Transfer

No Virtual Signaling connection is made the UDT messages contains The actual data.

Format of SCCP message.

Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)

The overall objective of the ITU-T specified transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) is to provide means for the transfer of information between nodes (exchanges and/or service centres), and to provide generic services to applications (distributed over the exchanges and service centres),

Relation between INAP, OMAP, GSM, MAP, TCAP and the ISO OSI model.

TCAP Sub-layers:

Component sub-layer deals with components that are the application protocol data units (APDU) which convey remote operations and their responses.

Transaction sub-layer deals with the exchange of

messages containing components and, optionally, a dialogue portion between two TC users.
TCAP is normally used to make a session with the DATA BSE entities Like HLR,VLR,SCP etc thru which the MAP/INAP can speak to the DB

Intelligent Network (INAP)

IN architecture.

Mobile Application Part (MAP)

SIGTRAN

SS7 ARCHITECTURE

PCM 0 PCM 1

PCM 2 PCM 3

SP1
PCM n

SP2

Both way PCM with signalling channel Channel 0 used for synchronisation and alarm, 16 for signalling and 1 to 15 and 17 to 31 for speech (other channels can also be used for signalling) Both way PCM with only speech circuits Channel 0 used for synchronisation and alarm and 1 to 31 used for speech

SS7 ARCHITECTURE

SP5

SP1

SP2

SP3

SP6

PCM with signalling channel PCM with only speech circuits SP3, SP4 and SP5 are Signalling Transfer Points

SP4

SS7 ARCHITECTURE
SP1 Associated mode of signalling SP2

Quasi associated mode of signalling SP1 SP2

Associated mode of signalling

SP3

Associated mode of signalling

PCM with signalling channel PCM with only speech circuits

STOP

Thank you..