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11767 Katy Freeway Suite 1030 Houston, TX 77079 www.atbalance.com This document is intended solely for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged information. Copying, forwarding or distributing this message by persons or entities other than the Atbalance is prohibited. If you have received this document in error, please contact the sender immediately and delete the material from any computer. This document may have been monitored for policy compliance.
Agenda
Opening Remarks & Introductions What Are We Going to Do? Teamwork MPD Basics MPD Objectives for KMB-1
Conventional Drilling vs Annular Pressure Control (APC) Drilling Conventional drilling basically uses two bottomhole pressures when drilling
By using annular pressure control, a single BHP is used which is above the conventional low (when pumps are off), yet below the conventional high (when circulating).
A single optimum pressure is used and the problems associated with conventional drilling are largely mitigated.
Its All About the Bottomhole Pressure Need to Find the Sweet Spot & Keep It There The Hard part is Keeping it There
Trajectory
Temperature - Pressure Pipe Movement - Swab/Surge Hole Cleaning Influx Losses Pack Offs Equipment Failures - Washouts - Twist Offs Annular Pressure
Teamwork Discussion
Company Man
Tool Pusher
Driller
These will be the most common lines of Communication during MPD procedures
MPD Supervisor Ensure equipment is rigged up and correctly commissioned Advise Client Rep on optimal down hole pressure / ECD during operations Advise Client Rep on MPD / DAPC specific procedures during operations Supervise @Balance personnel Daily reporting as agreed with Manti.
Driller
Responsible for applying all standard drilling practices WOB, ROP, RPM etc
Rig focal person for applying MPD procedures while drilling. Coordinate with, Client and @Balance personnel during drilling operations.
Mud Loggers
Mud Engineer
Communications
Good communication between the Driller and @Balance is critical. All communication over the radio must be clear and coherent. Ensure the radio button is pressed before you start talking Address the person first before giving the instruction. Confirm that you heard the instruction, repeat back if necessary. Do not cut in on a radio conversation unless very critical. Do not hold idle chat on the radios. They are for operations purpose only, not to discuss lunch or crew changes.
10500
11000
11500
Hydrostatic
12000
ECD
12500
13000
LOSSES
13500 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19
Frac Pressure
11000
11500
Hydrostatic
12000
ECD
12500
13000
13500 14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
12 SECTION DESIGN
8 X 9 SECTION DESIGN
500 gpm Flow Rate Drilling Fluid: SBM Mud weight: 16.8 ppg 18.2 ppg Primary well targets H831 to H910 sands Tight PP-FG margin: 17.8 ppg 18.1 ppg Mud weight to be designed to be statically overbalanced at all times
The maximum we can drill to is 5030 m MD, 4528 m TVD (New section TD)
MPD Objectives
Drill intervals with a single, near constant BHP which is safely below FG to mitigate losses Kick and loss detection is enhanced by the use of the At Balance kick/loss detection system using a mass/flow meter installed in line down stream of the chokes Formation ballooning is controlled by dynamically holding AP on the wellbore annulus when making connections. Hole instability caused by bottomhole pressure fluctuations that flex and relax the formation during pump on/off cycles is minimized. Constant annular pressure when stripping drill pipe out through the Rotating Control Device can be maintained while pulling out of the hole to mitigate swab. MPD techniques used for planning trips and placement of trip weight mud and swab-surge mitigation.
While Drilling Annular Friction (GPM-Mud Properties) ROP (Cuttings) Rotation Effect (RPM)
Cuttings are easy to recognize when drilling with PDC bit Splintered cuttings if underbalanced Tabular cuttings from bedding planes Angular, blocky cuttings from stress induced instability Watch for Changes!! - Shaker hand may be most important guy on rig
Swab/Surge
That the bit & stabs cause the swab piston effect Swab is not felt all the way to TD
Ballooning
Can be attributed to mud being lost into fractures --- or --Can be attributed to the elasticity of the formation that balloons the well by the amount of annular friction When pumps are stopped and there is no annular friction --Fractures close up and squeeze mud back into the hole -- or --The wellbore returns to the original size Fractures are charged to ECD BHP - If pumps are shut down and well is shut in; pressure can increase to difference between ECD and static - Appears to be under balance condition By using CBHP MPD, ballooning goes away since BHP is the same if pumps are on or pumps are off
Ballooning
Ballooning Misinterpreted as flow fail to bleed-off add weight Repeat cycle induce losses potentially induce well control as a result of lost mud column.
DAPC Chokes
Bleed line
13 5/8" 5000# 13 5/8" 5000#
H.C.R.
DAPC Chokes
300 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
H.C.R.
DAPC Chokes
0 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
Rotary Bushing
H.C.R.
DAPC Chokes
0 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
Rotary Bushing
H.C.R.
DAPC Chokes
0 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
Rotary Bushing
DAPC Chokes
H.C.R. DAPC Chokes
300 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
Rotary Bushing
DAPC Chokes
H.C.R. DAPC Chokes
300 psi
7 1/16, 5000
Hydril "GK"
300 psi
Pipe Rams Pipe Rams
At Balance-Houston
Slide 44 of 44
1. SET SLIPS AND INFORM ATBALANCE READY TO RAMP DOWN RIG PUMP TO MAKE CONNECTION 2. RAMP DOWN PUMPS AT A SMOOTH CONTROLED RATE AS PER ATBALANCE 3. INFORM ATBALANCE WHEN MUD PUMPS ARE OFFLINE 4. BLEED OFF STANDPIPE PRESSURE, CONFIRM THAT STANDPIPE IS ZERO 5. MAKE CONNECTION 6. INFORM ATBALANCE THAT CONNECTION IS COMPLETE AND READY TO RAMP UP PUMPS
8. ONCE DRILL STRING IS FILLED AND STANDPIPE PRESSURE MATCHS ANNULAS BACKPRESSURE BEING HELD BY ATBALANCE, CONTINUE RAMPING UP PUMPS AT A SMOOTH CONTROLED RATE TO DRILLING RATE AS PER ATBALANCE
9. WAIT FOR RETURNS TO THE SHAKERS, SURVEY COMPLETE THEN RETURN DRILLING
Connections
13.8 ppg Surface Mud Weight Maintaining 14.4 ppg BHP for Stability
Ramp Down Pumps Annular Pressure
BHP Eq ppg
Losing both annular friction & annular pressure leading to influx or instability
Always Think about what has changed, then communicate & take action
11767 Katy Freeway Suite 1030 Houston, TX 77079 www.atbalance.com This document is intended solely for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged information. Copying, forwarding or distributing material contained in this document by persons or entities other than Atbalance is prohibited. If you have received this document in error, please contact the sender immediately and delete the material from any computer. This document may have been monitored for policy compliance.
INDEX
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
RIG PUMP/S GO DOWN ATBALANCE ANNULAR PUMP GOES DOWN RCD ELEMENT LEAKS LEAK IN FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM ATBALANCE CHOKE PLLUGS ANNULUS PACKS OFF ATBALANCE SYSTEM IS INOPERABLE LOST CIRCULATION INFLUX ATBALANCE STROKE COUNTER NOT FUNCTIONING DRILL STRING WASH OUT OR PART
ELECTRICAL OUTAGE, POP OFF, SWAB LEAKING CAN BE UNCONTROLLED {ELECTRICAL} OR CONTROLLED.
IF CONTROLLED, DRILLER ALERTS ATBALANCE OF RIG PUMP RAMP DOWN JUST LIKE CONNECTION. PUMPS GO DOWN {UNCONTROLLED} ATBALANCE SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY CLOSES CHOKES AND ADDS ANNULAR PRESSURE IF ATBALANCE SYSTEM DOSENT RESPOND, DRILLER CAN BOTTLE UP {DISCUSS LATER}
ATBALANCE PUMP GOES DOWN {UNCONTROLLED} DURING CONNECTION CHOKES WILL CLOSE TO TRAP PRESSURE OR ADJUST ANNULAR PRESSURE THROUGH DP OR KILL LINE WITH RIG PUMP OR USE RIG PUMP AS ANNULAR PUMP OR USE RIG PUMP WITH TOP DRIVE SCREWED IN, RESUME CIRCULATION
SELECTION OF THE CONTINJENT PROCEDURE TO RESTORE BHP IS BASED ON THE WHERE WE ARE DURING THE CONNECTION AND WHAT IS THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY OF SECURING THE WELLBORE
ATBALANCE FLOWOUT WILL DECREASE INDICATING DOWNHOLE LOSSES BUT ELEMENT COULD BE LEAKING.
IF LEAKING, RETURNS LEAK BY ELEMENT & OVER TOP RCH & INTO POLLUTION PAN. WILL SEE DROP IN FLOWOUT ON ATBALANCE FLOW METER WILL SEE FLOW FROM POLLUTION PAN. MAINTAIN BHP IN WELL. DEVELOP STRATEGY FOR WHEN TO CHANGE OUT THE ELEMENT USUALLY A TOOL JOINT IN THE ELEMENT WILL HELP SEAL IT AND ALLOW ATBALNCE TO ADD ANNULAR PRESSURE DURING RIG PUMP RAMP DOWN IN ORDER TO TRAP PRESSURE FOR ELEMENT CHANGE OUT. THE GOAL, IS TO DRILL THE ENTIRE HOLE SECTION WITHOUT CHANGING THE ELEMENT. IF THE ELEMENT LEAKS WHEN DRILLING w/o ANNULAR PRESSURE, BUT WILL NORMALLY HOLD WHEN PRESSURE IS APPLIED, WHICH ALLOWS US TO CHANGE OUT ELEMENT WHILE HOLDING PRESSURE UNDER THE ANNULAR REFER TO ELEMENT CHANGE OUT PROCEDURE.
5. ATBALANCE CHOKE PLUGS ALTERNATE CHOKE {B} AND OR {PRC} WILL DYNAMICALLY OPEN TO RELIEVE OVER PRESSURE. CHOKE WILL AUTOMATICALLY CONTROL AT RELEASE PRESSURE WILL NOT CAUSE TOTAL LOSS OF ANY REQUIRED ANNULAR PRESSURE.
OPEN BYPASS LINE AND CONTINUE CIRCULATION WHILE DETERMINING CAUSE OF PLUGGING.
DO NOT CONTINUE DRILLING UNTIL ISSUE RESOLVED. DRILLER SHOULD HAVE ANNULAR PRESSURE ALARMED ON THEIR DATA SCREEN AND IMMEDIATELY SHUTDOWN PUMPS IF ALARM PRESSURE IS REACHED. BASED ON FG OF WINDOW {18.1 PPG} SHOE BREAKDOWN WILL OCCUR IF ANNULAR PRESSURE EXCEEDS {? PSI ECD WITH A 17.8 PPG MW @ ? SHOE}
6b. ANNULUS PACKS OFF ANNULAR PRESSURE INCREASES WHEN FLOW OUT DECREASES. IF CHOKES PLUGGING, ANNULAR PRESSURE INCREASE WHEN FLOW OUT DECREASES PICK UP OFF BOTTOM & ROTATE/CIRCULATE. CONSIDER PUMPING / BACKREAMING TO GET ABOVE PROBLEMATIC ZONE
7. ATBALANCE SYSTEM INOPERABLE THE ATBALANCE SYSTEM CANNOT HOLD PRESSURE ON CONNECTIONS. IF POSSIBLE CIRCULATE THROUGH THE ATBALANCE MANIFOLD UNTIL PROBLEM IS FIXED. RAISE MUD WEIGHT AND DRILL AHEAD WITHOUT MPD.
8. LOST CIRCULATION
9. INFLUX
ABILITY TO DETECT SMALLER INFLUX ATBALANCE FLOW IN/OUT DIFFERENTIAL.
IF INFLUX DETECTED, RIG WILL DO HARD SHUT-IN ON ANNULAR TO AVIOD SPACING OF TOOL JOINT. PICK UP DP FOR SHUT IN OPEN RIG CHOKE HCR VALVE RIG CHOKES CLOSED.
NOTIFY ATBALANCE & START TO RAMP DOWN RIG PUMPS ATBALANCE RESET SETPOINT PRESSURE .2 PPG ABOVE DRILLING ECD BUT BELOW FG. SYSTEM WILL ADD ANNULAR PRESSURE AS RIG PUMPS ARE RAMPING DOWN WHEN PUMPS ARE OFF, CLOSE ANNULAR BOP. ATBALANCE OPEN CHOKES, ROUTE RETURNS TO TT. ATBALANCE MONITOR FOR ANNULAR BOP LEAKAGE CIRCULATE OUT INFLUX USING CLIENT / RIG PROCEDURES.
Surface Pressure Pujut-1 12 1/4" Section 0 < Back Pressure < 300 Influx State Influx Rate Influx Duratio n Gain Volume Influx State Within Operating Limits Influx Rate Influx Duratio n Gain Volume ECD Influx State Over Operating Limits None Influx State Drilling 300 < Back Pressure < 800 None Influx State Influx Rate 100 < Back Pressure < 400 None Influx State Influx Rate Continue Connection 0 Influx Duratio n Gain Volume Influx State Influx Rate Apply an additional Influx 100 psi Back Duratio Pressure. n Connection 400 < Back Pressure < 800 None
0 Cntinue Drilling 0
Influx Rate
Influx Duration
Stop Drilling Increase the Mud Weight (ECD not Influx Exceeding 16 ppg) Duratio n Gain Volume Influx State Influx Rate Influx Duratio n
No Influx
Gain Volume
Steady
Influx State
Steady
Steady
Steady
< 2 bbls/min
Influx Indicator
< 10 min
Influx Rate Stop Drilling. Pick up off bottom. Influx Apply an additional 100 psi Duration Back Pressure. Gain Volume ECD
< 2 bbls/min
< 2 bbls/min
< 2 bbls/min
< 10 min
< 10 min
< 10 min
Gain Volume
< 20 bbls
Gain Volume
< 20 bbls
Steady
Influx State
Steady
Influx State
Steady
Influx State
Steady
> 2 bbls/min
> 10 min
Influx Rate
> 2 bbls/min
Influx Duration
> 10 min
> 2 bbls/min
> 10 min
Influx Rate By pass MPD Equipment. Shut in BOP. Influx Evaluate Next Action Duratio n
> 2 bbls/min
> 10 min
Gain Volume
> 20 bbls
Gain Volume
> 20 bbls
Conventional kick
10 500
9.9
450
9.8
400
9.7
350
9.6
300
9.5
250
9.4
200
9.3
150
9.2
100
9.1
50
9
19 :12 19 :19 19 :26 19 :33 19 :40 19 :48 19 :55
Backpressure (psi)
ECD (ppg)
-Rig Pumps brought down to Zero - DAPC pump automatically started - Well shut in flow dead headed against Flow out spike is a reactiion to Choke Backpressure Increase
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
ECD (PPG)
3: 07 :0 0 3: 08 :4 0 3: 10 :2 0 3: 12 :0 0 3: 13 :4 0 3: 15 :2 0 3: 17 :0 0 3: 18 :4 0 3: 20 :2 0 3: 22 :0 0 3: 23 :4 0 3: 25 :2 0 3: 27 :0 0
WHEN THE PART OR WASH OCCURS THE B HP WILL DECREASE DUE TO LOSS OF CIRCULATION.
THE AMOUNT OF BHP LOSS WILL DEPEND ON THE DEPTH THAT THE WASH OR PART OCCURRED. DEVELOP A TRIPPING PLAN. (WEIGHT UP MUD ? HOW MUCH MUD WILL BE CIRCULATED). IF THE WASH OR PART IS ABOVE THE FLOAT (NRV) IT WILL BE DIFFICULT TO STRIP OUT OF THE HOLE. MAY BE ABLE TO PUMP BPV TO PROFILE SUB AT THE TOP OF THE HWDP, THEN STRIP-OUT HOLDING ANNULAR PRESSURE. THERE WILL BE SEVERAL SCENARIOS BASED ON THE DETAILS OF THE PROBLEM - CASE BY CASE DECISIONS
Tripping
Have to trip with BHP > Pore Pressure w/ SF Clean the Hole Up - Remove Cuttings - Reduces BHP Add Annular Pressure As Needed - Use PWD Displace with Heavier Mud - ~0.3 ppg Remove Annular Pressure as Mud Moves Up Annulus
Summary
MPD is Only One Tool
It Is In Addition, Not a Replacement All Our Drilling Tools Have to Work Together to be Successful Mud Properties - Solids Control Downhole Tool Reliability - TD with No Trips
Team Success
Execution
Team
Team
Training
Planning
Team