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living in area nearly 2000 years Jerusalem home to 3rd most important Muslim site-Dome of the Rock/Al-Aqsa Mosque
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May 14,1948: Israel is officially formed May 15, 1948: Israel attacked by six Arab nations Approx. 750,000 Palestinians fled or were forced to leave Over approx. 800,000 Jews in Arab countries also fled or were forced to leave for Israel Israel After War: Jordan controls West Bank and Egypt controls Gaza Strip Israel takes much of Palestine and West Jerusalem East Jerusalem, including many religious sites taken by Jordan, who denied Israelis access
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1948 War
Holocaust and other periods Land set aside for Palestinians of violence against Jews now under control of Arab throughout the past centuries countries or Israel might not have happened if there was a Jewish Homeland
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1967 War
Israel believes neighbors are preparing for war Egypt requests withdrawal of UN in May 1967 and denies Israel access to the Red Sea by closing Straits of Tiran Jordan and Egypt sign mutual defense agreement Continued terrorist attacks from Syrias Golan Heights region Israeli surprise attack against Egypt on June 5, 1967 Also attacks Syria, Jordan Within six days Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, Jordan Takes control of West Bank and East Jerusalem (from Jordan) Control of Sinai and the Gaza Strip (from Egypt) Control of Golan Heights (from Syria)
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Yom Kippur in 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel, but Israel pushed back the attack
For many Israelis, the war reinforced the need for buffer zones gained in 1967
After the war, Israel retained the territories captured in 1967 (West Bank, Gaza, Golan Heights) but gave back land gained in the 1973 war Eventually, in 1979, Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel and entered into a peace treaty
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Shows that the country is willing to trade land it has conquered for peace
Egypt recognizes that Israel is a country and exists Sadat assassinated in 1981 by Muslim extremists Jordan signs peace agreement with Israel in 1994.
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The Intifada
Palestinian uprising or Intifada against Israeli occupation, living conditions, and to demand independence that begins in 1987. Includes Palestinian demonstrations, strikes, boycotts, rock throwing and gasoline bombs. Israeli military response Over approx. 400 Israelis killed Over approx. 1500 Palestinians killed, some a result of Palestinian in-fighting
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In 1994, Israel and Jordan signed a peace agreement Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist in November of 1995
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By 2000, peace process has faded. In 2000, Israeli political figure Ariel Sharon visits Temple Mount (Western Wall area and Al Aqsa Mosque area) in Jerusalem Palestinian violence erupts beginning the Second Intifada Buses, discos, hotels, fast food restaurants, etc in Israel blown up by Palestinian suicide bombers Israel responds militarily From 2000-June 2008 Over 4500 Palestinians killed Over 1000 Israelis killed In 2002, Israel begins building a security barrier in the West Bank, to protect Israelis from terrorists
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Second Intifada
Peace Proposals
In 2002, the prince of Saudi Arabia proposed the Arab Pease Initiative, endorsed by all members of the Arab league - it calls for Israel to return to its pre-1967 territories, recognition of
Palestine with East Jerusalem as its capital, and a solution for Palestinian refugees
Road Map for Peace is proposed in 2003 by the U.S., Russia, EU, and UN
- three phases to attain an independent Palestinian state and secure Israel - has never progressed due to the 2006 Hamas election
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Challenges to Resolution
Issue
Jerusalem
Israelis
See united Jerusalem as its capitol
Palestinians
See East Jerusalem as its capitol
Settlements
For religious, political, and security reasons a large number of Israeli settlements exist in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. 270,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank
Israel is building a barrier between it and the West Bank. Israel sees this as a way to prevent further suicide bombings. Palestinians need permission to leave West Bank. Israelis see this as needed security to prevent terrorism. Terrorist organizations like Hamas (which controls the Gaza Strip) and Hezbollah (based in Lebanon and who was at war with Israel in the summer of 2006) continue to fire rockets into Israel. Individuals also continue to commit other acts of terror.
The barrier goes beyond the border between the West Bank and Israel: the barrier route is 449 miles, while the Green Linethe border between the West Bank and Israel is 199 miles The restriction on movement limits jobs, health care, education, etc. contributing to standard of living in West Bank being significantly less than that of Israel. Cant stereotype all Palestinians as terrorists as the majority are not terrorists. Palestinian government denounced terrorism. As refugees, Palestinians believe they should be able to return to their or their families land in Israel and receive reimbursement for expenses incurred as refugees. Palestinians should be granted all of the West Bank and Gaza independently and as a separate state, and that Israelis settled there should leave.
If Palestinians living in Arab nations or in the Occupied Territories return to Israel to reclaim land, it can mean the end of Israel as a Jewish state. Israelis do not want to give up Jerusalem to Palestinian Authority. Many Israelis do not recognize Palestinians as a people separate from Arabs, therefore, they are not entitled to their own state.
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Israel
$194 billion $28,400 $58.6 billion $45 billion 27 out of 182 7.4% 23.6%
West Bank
$12.79 billion2 $2,900 $30.8 billion $1.63 billion
Gaza Strip 1
See West Bank figures See West Bank figures See West Bank figures
CIA Fact Book lists the West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements separately as part of the Palestine Authority due to PA and Hamas control. The Fact Book does not report independent GDP, Per Capita, and Annual Budget figures for the Gaza Strip.
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The West Bank experienced a revival in its economy in 2009 due to a lifting of some restrictions by the Israeli government and an increase in aid donations.
The HDI human development index is a summary composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Health is measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge is measured by a combination of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio; and standard of living by GDP per capita (PPP US$).
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Sources: United Nations 2009 Human Development Index (HDI): http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ 2009 CIA World Fact Book: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
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Works Cited
MaryLynne Fillmon, The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Lesson in Perspective: 2008. http://www.cmes.arizona.edu/outreach/files/Sec.%20Lesson%20-%20%20Israeli-Palestinian%20Conflict%20%20Perspective/The%20Israeli-Palestinian%20Conflict%20A%20Lesson%20in%20Perspective.ppt United Nations 2009 Human Development Index (HDI): http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ 2009 CIA World Fact Book: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ World Bank Indicators: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators?cid=GPD_WDI A Historical Perspective on the Arab-Israeli Conflict and Peace Process: A Curriculum for Modern World History Teachers. Institute for Curriculum Services, www.icsresources.org.
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