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Agenda Introduction PLMN selection Cell selection Cell reselection Location area (LA) and Routing area (RA) updating Paging System information broadcast CELL_FACH State
1.1 Introduction
Idle mode No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established) This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network UE must be able to access the system and be reached by system with reasonable delays CELL_FACH mode User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to radio network) UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH CELL_DCH mode User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to radio network) UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling
1.7 Paging
Two types of paging Core Network informs a UE of a terminating service request RAN informs all UEs that the system information has been modified
Paging messages sent to all UEs in LA or RA trade-off between the number of registration attempts and the paging load which depends on the size of the LA or RA
PICH is used to indicate to the UE when it should read the S-CCPCH Number of times RAN pages the UE is determined by noOfPagingRecordTransm (2)
Updated system information from RAN RAN pages the UE consecutively The number of times the UE hears it is defined by noOfMaxDrxCycles (1)
SIB1 has two parts Update part, updated when content is changed Area part corresponding to LA and RA configured by sib1PLMNScopeValuetag
Agenda Introduction Single Antenna Transmit Diversity Receive Diversity MIMO MIMO Single User MIMO Multi User MIMO & Cell Traffic
2.1 Introduction
1. 2. 3. The multiple-antenna technique is not a synonym of MIMO. The main techniques are: MIMO Beamforming Diversity The principle is to use several antennas in transmission and/or reception to improve signal robustness and consequently system capacity or coverage
*Using the 1 antenna in transmission and 1 antenna in reception is the standard configuration since the beginning of the telecom.
*When the eNodeB uses 2 antennas in DL to transmit twice the same data, it is the diversity in transmission, also called the TxDiv. It improve the quality and the coverage at the cell edge.
*The UE in UL can transmit only one stream, but with 2 antennas in reception, the eNodeB can receive twice the signal. So it can combine them to improve the reception quality.
2.5 MIMO
MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output - 2 or more transmitters and 2 or more receivers. - MIMO transmits several streams whereas SIMO or MISO transmits only onestream. -If there are N streams, there will be at least N antennas (here only 2). -By spatially separating N streams across at least N antennas, N receivers will be able to fully reconstruct the original data streams
*MIMO requires N antennas in transmitter and receiver and by this way it can transmit N streams in
the same radio resources on the same time. Currently, N=2 and there are 2 2 antennas on the eNodeB and 2 antennas on the UE. *It allows to transmit 2 TB (Transport Block) on the same subframe for a given UE and by this it boosts the radio performance.
*Each antenna on the receiver receives the 2 TB (the red and the blue one). There are able after to separate them. *The 2 TB are same on the same time and on the same frequencies (PRB). The receiver can separate them because it knows the characteristics of transmission for each antennas in real time. There are a lot of RE use for the reference signal of each antenna to allow the UE to distinguish them. *If the UE is not able to separate the 2 TB (because the 2 transmission paths are not enough different or the radio condition are bad) the transmitter send the same TB on the 2 antennas.
*The Single User MIMO is used in DL and means that the 2 TB send by the 2 antennas using the same radio resources are for the same UE. *In UL, it is not possible to use this MIMO.
There are two operation modes in SU-MIMO spatial multiplexing: 1. the closed-loop spatial multiplexing mode - The UE reports the CQI, the RI (Rank Indicator) and the PMI (Precoding Matrix indicator) 2. the open-loop spatial multiplexing mode - The reports only the CQI and the RI The RI (Rank Indicator) indicates the number of spatial layers (data streams) that can be supported by the current channel experienced at the UE The PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) is the UE feedback *The required UE feedback for the MIMO are: - RI, Rank Indicator. By this one the UE can indicate if it is able to separate 2 TB. If Yes the eNodeB can use the MIMO. If not it uses the TxDiv - PMI, Precoding Matrix indicator. It is used only for the Closed Loop MIMO. The UE indicates the eNodeB how to map the data on the 2 antennas to optimize the reception.
*In UL, the UE can not transmit 2 different signal like it has only 1 amplifier. So to take benefit of the MIMO capabilities, the eNodeB can allocates the same radio resources to 2 UEs (PRB and sub-frame). By this way, he eNodeB boosts the capacity in UL.
*Like the MIMO required a UE-specific feedback (RI and PMI), it is not possible to use it for all the channel. *Only the PSDCH supports the MIMO and only for UE specific data. *For example, the SIB2 is transmitted on the PDSCH but it is received by all the UE, so TxDiv. The HO command is transmitted only to a given UE, so MIMO can be used if criterion are fullfilled.