EMI/EMC Study

dharmendra

What is EMC/EMI ??
Definition: It is the ability of electric apparatus to operate in its intended environment without causing degradation to other apparatus or danger to human being means a peaceful co-existence For electronics apparatus it is defined as ability to operate without suffering unacceptable degradation.

Significance in Railway Environment

The railway environment severe electromagnetic environment. Its a complex electromagnetic environment made up of many systems including traction, signalling, communications and radio communications. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) between electrical and electronic systems is an essential requirement for the reliable and safe operation of the railway.

Effects of EMC/EMI
Hazards for the staff at work on the lines affected by the induction, if there are one or several earths on these lines and if the person is in contact with the ground; Disruptions to the telecommunication circuits;

Untimely triggering of safety installations, (right or wrong side failure) when:

Two accidental earths in undesirable locations occur on one and same bifilary circuit;

The installations work with an earth return;

Damage to the equipment or cable due to a disruptive discharge between that equipment or the conductors and the sleeve connected to the earth.

Relevant standards and Limiting values

Railway Installations: Acceptable Limits fixed by ITU T and EN 50 122-1 In regard to the staff/employees safety: Under operation condition (locomotive traction state): 60 V RMS for induced longitudinal electromotive forces at 50 Hz (ITU-T directives, EN 50122-1). Under fault condition: 650 V RMS (ITU-T directives, NF EN 50 122-1).

 In regard to the protection of the installations against electric breakdown (translators): The limit to be taken into account corresponds to 60% of the lowest dielectric strength of the installation. In the study the maximum allowed induced voltage is 60V in operation condition and 650V under fault conditions (in the case of a short circuit according to the normative limits indicated in the texts cited previously).

Neighbouring Installations : Acceptable Limits The limits fixed for emf voltage and ilemf are the same than for railway installations.For psophometric voltage it should be separate into transverse psophometric voltage and longitudinal psophometric voltage. Transversal psophometric voltage (RMS value): When the voltage value is lower than 0.5 mV no particular precaution is required .When the range is between 0.5 mV and 2 mV measurements on the cable are required When the voltage value is higher than 2 mV the cable should be protected

Longitudinal psophometric voltage (RMS value): When the longitudinal psophometric voltage is higher than 1 V the cable should be protected .When the voltage is lower than 1 V no particular precaution is required

DOT requirements

Brief description of DMRC lines under study

DMRC model and Conductors in Vicinity

Brief description of Signalling cables

ZPFU

ZPAU

Scope of Simulation studies by DDCs

Parameters analysed
Maximum sheath voltage: This is the maximum voltage calculated in one point of the cable between the sheath and a reference value 0 V. This corresponds to the touch voltage of the cable. Maximum sheath current:That is the maximum current travelling in the cable sheath. That characteristic is necessary to dimension the strips (making up the cable) and the possible electrical connections.

Maximum electromotive force: (max emf)This is the maximum voltage calculated in one point of a wire in a circuit inside the cable in relation to a reference 0 V value. It is the maximum voltage present in the case of a physical contact with one end of the wire, the other end being at 0V.

Maximum induced longitudinal electromotive force calculated for various cable circuit lengths: (ilemf) This is the maximum voltage calculated between both wires in a circuit of a given length inside the cable. It is the maximum voltage present in the case of a physical contact with one end of the wire, with the other being accidentally or effectively earthed (0 V).

Real Scenario
Scenario for Line 6 ext. Signalling system of Bombardier Type of Cables used:

PERMANENT STATE
Bare-wire PARAMETERS Without BT
All corridors ilemf 1km (V) ilemf 2km (V) 41 60

ZPFU

ZPAU

With BT
Underground Elevated 32 47 24 36

Without BT
All corridors 41 58

With BT
Underground 32 45 Elevated 24 36

Without BT

With BT
Elevated 27 27

All corridors Underground 32 39 29 35

ilemf 3km (V) ilemf 4km (V) ilemf 5km (V)

Max emf (*) (V)

87 114 140
243 Not Relevant

66 87 108
167 Not Relevant Not Relevant

41 58 67

85 112 138
240 39 8

65 85 106
165 36 8

40 56 65

41 41 45
94 39 12

37 39 43
62 36 12

28 31 35

Max Sleeve(*) Voltage

(V)

Max Sleeve(*) Current

Not Relevant

SHORT-CIRCUIT STATE
Bare-wire ZPFU Without BT
All corridors 244 339 493 635 759 1110 261 49

ZPAU With BT Without BT

All corridors 226 278 273 271 272 278 261 120

PARAMETERS

Without BT
All corridors

With BT
Underground 179 272 384 476 562 874 Not Relevant Not Relevant Elevated 179 226 251 298 323

With BT
Underground 214 238 229 218 214 242 210 120 Elevated 203 236 218 218 214

Underground 171 234 333 421 516 800 210 49

Elevated 171 219 231 235 282

ilemf 1km (V) ilemf 2km (V) ilemf 3km (V) ilemf 4km (V) ilemf 5km (V) Max emf (*) Max Sleeve Voltage (*) Max Sleeve Current (*)

256 411 590 754 900 1278 Not Relevant Not Relevant

Sl.No.

Station name

Approximate centre Line Of station (KM)

Interlocking Station

Length of Parallel Run

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9

Sarai NHPC Mewala Maharajpur Sector 27A Badkal Mor Old Faridabad Ajronda
Faridabad New Town YMCA

21322.899 23611.781 24624.000 25775.000 27493.000 28827.000 30278.000

31584.000 33348.138

Interlocking

Interlocking

Interlocking

Sl.No.

Station name

Approximate centre Line Of station (KM)

Station

Parallel Run

1
2 3 4

Janakpuri (W) (UG)

Dabri Mor(UG) Dasarathpuri(UG) Palam(UG)

0.000
1.571 3.212 4.714

5
6 7 8

Sadar Bazar(Elev)
IGD Airport(UG) Shankar Vihar(Elev) Vasant Vihar(UG)

7.850
9.894 12.138 14.201

9
10 11 12

Munirka(UG)
R K Puram(UG) IIT(UG) Hauz Khas(UG)

15.700
17.038 17.977 19.048

13
14 15 16 17 18

Panchsheel Marg(UG)
Chirag Delhi(UG) GK Enclave(UG) Nehru Palace(UG) Kalkaji(UG) Okhla Ph III(Elev)

20.714
21.621 22.460 23.809 24.494 25.461

Results
Line 2

Line 6

Line 8

Line 7

Recommendations
Cost Impact analysis