THE DIFFERENCE OF HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE IN PEOPLE WHO LIVE NEAR AND FAR FROM RAILWAY TRACK

Aldila S. Al Arfah Student of Medical Faculty of UMY

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY RESEARCH FORMULATION RESEARCH OBJECTIVE SIGNIFICANT OF THE RESEARCH

BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Hypertension is a common problem in adults. A systolic BP 140 mmHg or higher &/ diastolic BP 90mmHg. The major risk factors of stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, & renal failure. INA-MONICA Indonesia is 6-15% & World 15-20 % Hypertension ~ many risk factors

BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Environmental noise is a significant problem in development country. An increasing number of people live in the vicinity of rail way track and experience considerable noise pollution. Few investigators have studied hypertension associated with exposure to aircraft & traffic road noise (Jarup et al, 2005).

Research Formulation
There is any difference of hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track?

Research Objective
General to find the difference of hypertension prevalence in people (risk or no risk of HT) who live near and far from railway track. Specific (1) to show hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track. (2) to show hypertension prevalence in people (risk of HT) who live near and far from railway track.

The Significant of Research

For Respondent For Next Research For Medical Science

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

HYPERTENSION NOISE STRESS HYPOTHESIS

LITERTURE REVIEW ~ Hypertension

Etiology of Hypertension Classification of Hypertension Diagnosis of Hypertension Risk Factors of Hypertension

Etiology of Hypertension
Primary Hypertension ~ 95% HT Secondary Hypertension ~ 5% HT

Classification of Hypertension
The Seventh Report of the JNC on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Normal ~ <120 and <80 Pre-hypertension ~ 120-139/80-89 mmHg Stage I hypertension ~ 140-159/90-99 mmHg Stage II Hypertension ~ 160/ 100 mmHg

Diagnosis of Hypertension
Have no specific symptoms Usually: headache, weakly, insomnia, etc. A systolic BP 140 mmHg or higher &/ diastolic BP 90mmHg.

Risk factors of hypertension

Genetic Obesity Smoker Stress Increasing age Sex High salt intake High fat or cholesterol intake

LITERTURE REVIEW ~ Noise

Definition: sound that we dont wish for it. Classification: Continued noise with broad spectrum. Continued noise with narrow spectrum. Interrupted noise. Impulsive noise. Continued impulsive noise

LITERTURE REVIEW ~ Stress

Definition: non-specific reaction of body about every stimulation in any type Classification ~ Etiology:
Organic-biology stress Psycho-educative stress Social-cultural stress

HYPOTHESIS
There is any significant difference of hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track

CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

DATA COLLECTING METHOD RESEARCH VARIABLE DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

DATA COLLECTING METHOD

Primary Data
Interview with respondents using the questioner Blood pressure examination

RESEARCH VARIABLE
Independent Variable ~ near and far from railway track. Dependent Variable ~ prevalence of HT Disturbance Variable ~ another risk factor of HT and environment

DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

The populations : people 35 years old or older who lived near and far from railway track. Samples were 100 subjects per group. The data were processed by MannWhitney test and Varian analysis test.

Research Design
Stage I Railway track Noise Hipertension Stage II Risk Factors of HT

Age

Genetic Smoke

Stress

High Fat Intake

Sex

Obesity

High Salt Intake

Unresearched Variable Researched Variable

CHAPTER IV RESULT STUDY & DISCUSSION

RESULT STUDY

Characteristic Respondents

Railway Track Categories f/n Sex: Near % f/n Far %

Male
Female BMI Not Risk Risk Smoke

42
58

42
58

40
60

40
60

74 26

74 26

65 35

65 35

Yes
No Alcohol Yes No Exercise

34
66

34
66

17
83

17
83

2 98

2 98

2 98

2 98

Yes
No Other Disease Yes No High Salt Intake

33
67

33
67

36
64

36
64

8 92

8 92

8 92

8 92

Yes
No

23
77

23
77

32
68

32
68

Characteristic Respondents
Railway Track Near Far

Categories
(f)

(%)

(f)

(%)

Normal

47

47

40

40

Prehypertension

34

34

37

37

Hypertension Stage I

13

13

13

13

Hypertension Stage II

10

10

Result
Railway Track

Near

Far Mann-Whitney Test

HT Stage I

HT Stage II

HT Stage I

HT Stage II

13

13

10

0,435

DISCUSSION
There isnt any difference of hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track. Reason:
Difference of intensity, frequency, and long-term noise exposure associated with the BP effect. 24 hours, 20, 50-60dB influence of another risk factor of HT

Result
Railway Track t-test Risk Factors Near Far

Total

Hipertension

Total

Hipertension

Sign.

BMI
Smoke

26
34

9 (34,61%)
8 (23,53%)

35
17

14 (40,00%)
8 (47,06%)

0,032
0,200

Alcohol
HT History Not Exercise Other Diseases Age

2
17 65 8 100

0 (0,00%)
9 (52,94%) 12 (18,46%) 3 (37,50%) 19 (19,00%)

2
31 64 8 100

2 (100,00%)
17 (54,84%) 10 (15,63%) 5 (62,50%) 23(23,00%)

0,080
0,000 0,029 0,002 -

DISCUSSION
There is any difference of hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track. HT prevalence people who live far > HT prevalence people who live near ~ BMI, history of hypertension, disease caused hypertension, and high salt diet Reason:
Difference of intensity, frequency, and long-term noise exposure associated with the BP effect. 24 hours, 20, 50-60dB Overweight or obesity, history of hypertension, disease caused hypertension, and high salt diet as risk factor of HT (~ Pinion, 1999; Nursing modem, 2001; Williams, 2000; Cappuccino, 2007) influence of another risk factor of HT

DISCUSSION
There is any difference of hypertension prevalence in people who live near and far from railway track. HT prevalence people who live far < HT prevalence people who live near ~ sport Reason:
Difference of intensity, frequency, and long-term noise exposure associated with the BP effect. 24 hours, 20, 50-60dB Sports as risk factor of HT(~anonim, 2005) influence of another risk factor of HT

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

CONCLUSION
The hypertension prevalence of people who lived near from railway track with 13 % hypertension stage I, 6 % stage II wasnt significantly different with the hypertension prevalence of people who lived far from railway track with 13 % hypertension stage I, 10 % stage II (=0,435). The difference prevalence of hypertension between people who lived near and far from railway track with hypertension risk factors were BMI 34,61% and 40,00% (=0,032), smoking 23,53% and 47,06% (=0,200), alcoholics 0,00% and 100,00% (=0,200), history of hypertension 52,94% and 54,84% (=0,000), sports 18,46% and 15,63% (=0,029), disease caused hypertension 37,50% and 62,50% (=0,002), high salt diet 32,43% and 28,13% (=0,034). The nose of railway track wasnt significantly influence the prevalence of hypertension.

SUGESTION
For Respondent ~ prevention risk factor of HT For Next Research~ big sample & eliminate another risk factor of HT