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CONSTRUCTIVIST
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Born
Nationality Fields
Known for
Notable awards
International Balzan Prize, CIBA Gold Medal for Distinguished Research Distinguished Scientific Award of the American Psychological Association
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COGNITIVE PHYCHOLOGY
one of the pioneers of the cognitive psychology movement in the United States began through his own research when he began to study sensation and perception as being active, rather than passive processes
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In 1947, Bruner published his classic study Value and Need as Organizing Factors in Perception in which poor and rich children were asked to estimate the size of coins or wooden disks the size of American
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DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY
Bruner studied how children learned: he coined the term "scaffolding" to describe how children often build off the information they have already mastered
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proposed three modes of representation: enactive representation (action-based), iconic representation (image-based), and symbolic representation (languagebased) Bruner's theory suggests it is efficacious when faced
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EDUCATIONAL PHYCHOLOGY
would focus on
(1) what was uniquely human about human beings (2) how humans got that way
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WAGER
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Purpose of instruction is to provide support to the processes of learning. Instruction consists of a set of events external to the learner designed to support the internal processes of learning. The events of instruction must be deliberately arranged by an instructional designer or teacher.
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INSTRUCTIONAL IMPLICATION
Learning is based on the information processing model. Goal is to stimulate internal information processes. Not all of the events are provided for in every lesson. Events do not always occur in the order specified.
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Provide learning guidance semantic encoding and cues for retrieval Elicit performance activate response organization through overt behavior Provide feedback about performance correctness establishing reinforcement Assess the performance, make sure it accurately reflects the objective under the stated conditions activate retrieval; make reinforcement possible Enhance retention and transfer provide cues and Powerpoint Templates strategies for retrieval Page 13
PRESENTED BY
PARVEEN NARESH FAIZ CJ
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