Fourteenth Lecture Hour 9:30 10:20 am, Sunday, September 16

Software Management Disciplines Project Control and Process Automation

(from Part III, Chapter 13 of Royce book)

Review The Four Parts of the Course

Software Management Renaissance The conventional software management process. Five improvements to make the waterfall process work.
A Software Management Process Framework Phases Artifacts Workflows Checkpoints

Software Management Disciplines Planning Organization Automation Process control and instrumentation Tailoring Looking Ahead Modern project profiles Next-generation software
economics Modern process transitions

Topics for Today

Seven Core Metrics Management Indicators Quality Indicators Life Cycle Expectations Pragmatic Software Metrics Metrics Automation

Basic Themes for Modern Software Management

Getting design right by architecture first. Managing risk through iterative development. Reducing complexity with components-based techniques. Making progress and quality tangible through instrumented change management. Automating overhead and bookkeeping through use of round-trip engineering and integrated environment.

Goals of Software Metrics

An accurate assessment of progress to date. Insight into the quality of the evolving software product. A basis for estimating the cost and schedule for completion with increasing accuracy over time.

Seven Core Metrics

Metrics Characteristics
They are simple, objective, easy to collect, easy to interpret, and hard to misinterpret. Collection can be automated and nonintrusive. Assessment is continuous and non-subjective. They are useful to both management and engineering personnel for communicating progress and quality in a consistent format. Their fidelity improves across the life cycle.

Three Basic Management Metrics

Technical progress Financial status Staffing progress

Financial and staffing metrics are easy. They always have been easy. The real problem is to measure technical progress with objectivity.

Typical Project Progress

Three Progress Metrics

Software architecture team:
number of use cases demonstrated.

Software development team:

number of source lines of code under configuration management number of change orders closed

Software assessment team:

Number of change orders opened Test hours executed Evaluation criteria met

Software management team:

Milestones completed.

Earned Value System

Staffing Profile

Staffing and Team Dynamics

Metric:
percent staffed.

Metric: staffing momentum

additions versus attrition.

Glaring indicator of future trouble:

Unplanned attrition. Usually due to personnel dissatisfaction with management, lack of teamwork, or high probability of failure to meet objectives.

Typical Project Progress

Four Quality Indicators

Change traffic and stability
Provides insight into stability, convergence toward stability, predictability of completion

Breakage and Modularity

Breakage: extent of change needed. Modularity: average breakage trend over time.

Rework and Adaptability

Rework: amount of effort needed to fix. Adaptability: rework trend over time.

Maturity
Average time between faults.

Stability over Product Life Cycle

Modularity over Life Cycle

Adaptability over Life Cycle

Maturity over Life Cycle

Quality Indicator Characteristics

They are derived from the evolving products, not other artifacts. They provide insight into waste. They are dynamic for an iterative process. Focus is on trends and changes in time. Combination of current value and trends provide tangible indicators for effective management action.

Metrics Evolution over Life Cycle

Metrics Classes

Comment on Metrics
Metrics usually display the effects of problems, not the underlying causes of problems. Reasoning and synthesis are required for solution. Although measuring is useful, it doesnt do any thinking for the decision makers.
Value judgments can not be make by metrics; they must be left to smarter entities such as software project managers.

However, metrics can provide data to help ask the right questions, understand the context, and make objective decisions.

Metrics Automation the Software Project Control Panel

On-line version of status of artifacts.
Display panel that integrates data. A dashboard. Display for
project manager (overall values) test manager (status of an upcoming release) Configuration Manager (change traffic) etc.

Software Project Control Panel

Summary for Project Control and Instrumentation

Progress toward project goals and quality of products must be measurable. The most useful metrics are extracted from the evolving artifacts. Management and quality indicators must be used continuously as project proceeds. Trends and status measures must be used together. Technical progress is the most difficult item to measure.

Assignment for Next Class Meeting

Read Chapter 13 of Royce book, on process control and instrumentation.
Learn and discuss the three core management metrics. Learn and discuss the four core quality metrics. Learn the three primary causes of excessive personnel attrition.