DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A database system is basically a computer based record keeping system A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information

Basic Terms
Data

Information
Database Database System

Basic Terms
Data
Anything can be a data. (raw facts & figures)

Information
Database Database System

Basic Terms
Data
Processed data. (meaningful data)

Information
Database Database System

Basic Terms
Data
An organised, persistent collection of logically related data.

Information
Database Database System

Basic Terms
Data
A computer based record keeping system, whose overall purpose is to record and maintain information. It manages the database of an enterprise.

Information
Database Database System

What is the need of a Database Management System ?

The File Based System

File based systems are an early attempt to computerise the manual filing system.This works well when the number of items to be stored is small or the process is only needed to

store and retrieve information.

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Database System vs. File Based System

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data Duplication of Data Inconsistent Data Data Dependence Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data Duplication of Data When the data is stored in separate files it becomes Inconsistent Data difficult to access. Data Dependence Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data Decentralised approach leads Duplication of Data to uncontrolled duplication of data, which leads wastage of Inconsistent Data storage space, time and money. Data Dependence Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data Changes made by different Duplication of Data people for the same information differently or Entering a wrong Inconsistent Data data. Data Dependence Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data The physical structure and storage of data files and Duplication of Data records are defined in the Inconsistent Data application code. Program Data Dependence Data Dependence Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data The structure of the file Duplication of Data embedded in application program totally dependent on Inconsistent Data the programming language. Data Dependence This incompatibility makes them difficult to process jointly. Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Limitations of File Based System

Separation and Isolation of Data Duplication of Data Inconsistent Data Query or reports needed by the organization has to be Data Dependence developed by the application programmer. Incompatible File Formats Fixed Queries

Database System
A database system involves four major components

Data

Hardware
Software Users

Provides the enterprise with centralized control of its data.

Database System
A database system involves four major components

Data

Hardware
Software Users

Provides the enterprise with centralized control of its data.

A database contains not only the data but also the complete definition of the database structure and constraints.

Advantages of Database Approach

Redundancy can be reduced Inconsistency can be avoided The data can be shared

Standard can be enforced

Advantages of Database Approach

Redundancy can be reduced Inconsistency can be avoided In a file processing system, each user group maintains
its own files, resulting in a considerable amount of The data canofbe shared redundancy the stored data. In database approach data can be stored at a single place or with controlled redundancy under DBMS. Standard can be enforced

Advantages of Database Approach

Redundancy can be reduced Inconsistency can be avoided The data can be shared
A database is said to be inconsistent, when there will be occasions on which the redundant entries will not Standard can be enforced agree. A database that is in an inconsistent state is capable of supplying incorrect or conflict information.

Advantages of Database Approach

A DBMS allows the sharing of database under its control by any number of applications programs or Redundancy can be reduced users. The data requirements of new applications may be satisfied without having to create any new stored Inconsistency can be avoided files.

The data can be shared

Standard can be enforced

Advantages of Database Approach

Redundancy can be reduced With central control of the database,
the DBA can ensure that all applicable standards are followed in the Inconsistency be avoided representation can of the data. Standards => company, installation, departmental, The data can be and shared industry, national international standards.

Standard can be enforced

Advantages of Database Approach

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Data Independence Security restrictions can be applied Integrity can be maintained Multiple user interfaces

Advantages of Database Approach

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Data Independence Security Data restrictions Dependence can => be theapplied knowledge of the data
organization and access technique is built into the Integrity can be maintained application logic. It is impossible to change the storage structure or access strategy without affecting the Multiple user interfaces application.

Advantages of Database Approach

Data Independence
Security restrictions can be
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applied
DBA can define authorization checks Integrity can be maintained to be carried out whenever access to sensitive data is attempted Different checks can be established for each type of Multiple interfaces accessuser to each piece of information in the database.

Advantages of Database Approach

Continue Data integrity refers to the correctness and completeness of data in a Data Independence

Security restrictions can be

database=> by providing Checks Constraints (to data items within a record or relationships between records)

applied
Integrity can be maintained Multiple user interfaces

Advantages of Database Approach

Data Independence
A DBMS provides a variety of interfaces Security restrictions can be Query language Programming language interfaces Forms and codes Menu driven interfaces Continue

applied

Integrity can be maintained Multiple user interfaces

Advantages of Database Approach

Improved Backup and Recovery
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Support for Concurrent Transactions

A backup and recovery subsystem is responsible for Conflicting requirements be failures. recovering data from hardware can and software

balanced

Advantages of Database Approach

Improved Backup and Recovery
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Support for Concurrent Transactions

Conflicting requirements can be
A DBMS allows multiple transactions to occur balanced simultaneously.

Advantages of Database Approach

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Improved Backup and Recovery

Support for Concurrent Transactions Conflicting requirements can be balanced
By knowing the overall requirements of the enterprise the DBA can structure the database system to provide an overall service that is best for the enterprise.