OME201101 GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure

ISSUE 3.3

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

Objectives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Know the functions and features of BTS Master the BTS hardware structure Master the signal processing of BTS

Internal Use

References

31013229-BTS312 User Manual-(V4.01)

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 System Components Chapter 3 Signal Processing Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Features and Functions

Um interface

TUP, ISUP

PSTN ISDN PSPDN

M900/M1800 BSC MS M900 BTS

Other MSC/VLR A interface

M900/M1800 MSC/VLR
MAP MAP

X.25/ LAN M1800 BTS M900 BTS MS M900 BTS OMC

X.25/ LAN HLR/AUC/EIR SMC&VM

MSC: Mobile Switching Center HLR: Home Location Register AUC: AUthentication Center VLR: Visitor Location Register

BSC: Base Station Controller SMC: Short Message Center BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice Mailbox MS: Mobile Station OMC: Operation/Maintenance Center EIR: Equipment Identify Register

Internal Use

Features and Functions

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission (15:1) Integrating optical transmission equipment, implementing optical fiber to BTS Supporting the configuration of up to S24/24/24 and facilitating expansion 1-minute fast startup

Internal Use

Features and Functions

Supporting GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM,RGSM GSM PHASE I/PHASE II and GPRS Supporting short message cell broadcast and point to point short message Supporting baseband hopping and RF hopping Supporting the EFR and DTX Supporting A5/0, A5/1 and A5/2 encryption Supporting half rate
Internal Use

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards

TDU

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards: CDU: combiner & divider unit

T R X T R X

SWITCH BOX FAN BOX

C D U

S C U

T R X

T R X

TRX: transceiver unit PMU: power monitoring unit TMU: Timing/Transmission & Management Unit

AIR BOX
C
S C U

T R X

T R X

T R X

T R X

CDU

D U

TRX

PSU: power supply unit TES: transmission extension power supply unit

FAN BOX

C D U

S C U

T R X

T R X

T R X

T R X

TEU: transmission extension unit TDU: time distribution unit

Common equipment

air/fan
P S U

P S U

P S U

P S U

P S U

P P S M U U

TT T T T MM E E E UU S U U

AIR BOX

Internal Use

Power Supply

Three modes for BTS312 power supply:

220VAC Used for the AC power supply cabinet, with

the AC/DC module and batteries attached;

-48VDC Used for the DC power supply cabinet with

the DC/DC module and no battery; Used for the DC power supply cabinet, with no +24VDC AC/DC module or DC/DC module, nor any battery.

Internal Use

Power Supply System

Internal Use

PMU

PMU (Power Monitoring Unit) structure

AC power supply

AC/DC

AC/DC

AC/DC

AC/DC

Load

Fan

Power monitoring unit PMU

Fuse Battery

Internal Use

PSU Configuration

The configuration of PMU:

mode 24VDC -48VDC capacity (TRX) 1~12 1~3 4~6 7~9 10~12 220VAC 1~3 4~6 7~9 10~12 boards (PSU) 0 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 boards (PMU) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
One PSU for backup.

notes

Internal Use

FMU
Fan Monitoring Unit (FMU)

Providing fan feed

24V power supply input interface Fan box power supply input interface

Fan revolution speed control Alarm detection

Interfaces

Fan fault alarm detection

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 System Components Chapter 3 Signal Processing Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Hardware Structure of BTS312

DATA BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External External control alarm

CDU TRX

To antenna

E1

TMU TRX

CDU
FH_BUS

To antenna

Opt. fiber xDSL TEU

TES

TRX

CDU

To antenna

PSU

PMU
Common unit

TRX unit

Antenna feeder unit

Internal Use

TMU
External synchronous clock Extended BIU BIU DBUS Internal data bus

BSC

MMI manmachine interface External Alarming control

OMU

CBUS Internal control bus

EAC

MCK

TDU

Internal clock bus

Function: Timing

Transmission
Standby MCK

Management

Internal Use

Panel of TMU

Internal Use

Indicators on TMU

Indicator Name PWR RUN

Color Green Green

Meaning Power Running State

Explanation On: Normal Off: Abnormal Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal On: Local Alarm Flash: Remote Alarm Off: Normal Slow flash(1HZ): Master Quick flash(2Hz): Slave On: Free oscillation Quick flash(4Hz): Catching Slow flash(1Hz): Locked Off: Abnormal

Normal State On Flash

LI1,2,3,4

Green

E1 Transmission

Off Master Board: Slow flash Slave Board: Quick flash

M/S

Green

Master/Slave indication

PLL

Green

Phase identification indicator

Slow flash

Internal Use

TRX Module Structure

FH_BUS

DBUS CBUS

TDP SCP DSP CUI

PAU RCU

send Main receiver

TIMING_BUS Clock processing part RPU TBPU

Diversity receiver

Internal Use

Functions of TRX

Baseband speech processing Um and Abis interface signaling processing Modulation and demodulation RF signal amplification

Internal Use

Functions of TRX

Power amplifier unit (PAU) (output 46dBm/APC)

Over standing wave alarm:

Over-temperature alarm:

Internal Use

Panel of TRX

Internal Use

Indicators on TRX

Indicator Name PWR RCP RDP FAIL

Color Green Green Green Red

Meaning Power SCP Running State DSP Running State Alarm Indicator

Explanation On: Normal Off: Abnormal Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal On: Alarm Off: No alarm

Normal State On Flash Flash Off

Internal Use

TDU

Function:Time Distributing Unit

Providing clock channels in one synchronous cell Transferring the E1 signals in the local cabinet Providing alarming channels Bus connection

Internal Use

Position of TDU in the Rack

Internal Use

BUS Topology
TBUS CBUS1

TMU0

TMU1
CBUS2 DBUS12

TMU0
CBUS2 DBUS12

TMU0
CBUS2 DBUS12

TRX0

...

TRX23
FHBUS CBUS3

TRX0

...

TRX23
FHBUS CBUS3

TRX0

...

TRX23
FHBUS CBUS3

CDU 0-11

PMU 0-1

TES

Alarm Box

CDU 0-11

PMU 0-1

CDU 0-11

PMU 0-1

Basic Cabinet Group

Extension Cabinet Group

Extension Cabinet Group

Internal Use

Cabinet-top Connectors

(1) Data bus interface (DCF1) (3) 120 E1 interface (TME1)

(2) External alarm interface (EAC1 and EAC2) (4) Built-in optical transmission E1 interface (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and TRB2) (6) Clock interface (CKB1 and CKB2)

(7) Data bus interface (DCF2) (9) External synchronous clock interface (SYNC) (11) External power cable interface

(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and RX) (10) Grounding cable interface for combined cabinet (SHELLGND) (12) Feeder input interface (ANT)

(5) Storage battery management signal cable interface (PWRC)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)

Internal Use

Cabinet Group

Each BTS312 cabinet can accommodate 12 carriers. When the number of cell carriers is over 12, multiple cabinets need to be equipped, classified as basic cabinet and extension cabinet. They form a cabinet group (or equipment group). One group consists of 2 cabinets at most One set of BTS312 equipment group can contain two cabinets (24 TRXs). For the maximum capacity site, there are three groups with 72 TRXs.

Internal Use

Cabinet Extension Cabling

Green colored sockets installed with matching connectors for resistance termination

CKB1 CKB2 DCF1 DCF2 DCF1

CKB1 CKB2 DCF2 DCF1

CKB1 CKB2 DCF2 DCF1

CKB1 CKB2 DCF2

Extension Cabinet

Basic Cabinet

Basic Cabinet

Extension Cabinet

Basic Cabinet Group

Extension Cabinet Group

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 System Components Chapter 3 Signal Processing Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Signal Type

Speech Signaling LAPD Signaling OML RSL LAPDm Signaling Clock

Internal Use

Speech Processing

BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT.-MS

External synchronous clock

DBUS

FH_BUS

BSC

BIU

MMI manmachine interface External Alarming control

S C P CBUS

D S P

C U I

TDP

PAU RCU

C D U

OMU

Clock process

RPU EAC MCK TDU TBUS Standby MCK TBPU

Internal Use

OML Processing

BSC-TDU-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU),

External synchronous clock

DBUS

FH_BUS

BSC

BIU

MMI manmachine interface

S C P CBUS

D S P

C U I

TDP

PAU RCU

OMU

Clock process

External Alarming control

RPU EAC MCK TDU TBUS Standby MCK TBPU

Internal Use

RSL and LAPDm Signaling

BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT.-MS

External synchronous clock

DBUS

FH_BUS

BSC

BIU

MMI manmachine interface

S C P CBUS

D S P

C U I

TDP

PAU RCU

C D U

OMU

Clock process

External Alarming control

RPU EAC MCK TDU TBUS Standby MCK TBPU

Internal Use

Clock Processing

BSC (or External Clock) -TDU-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

External synchronous clock

DBUS

FH_BUS

BSC

BIU

MMI manmachine interface External Alarming control

S C P CBUS

D S P

C U I

TDP

PAU RCU

OMU

Clock process

RPU

EAC

MCK

TDU TBUS

TBPU

Standby MCK
Internal Use

TBUS Connection

Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell

C D U C D U C D U

C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X
P M

C D U C D U C D U

C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X
P T T M M M

C D U C D U C D U

C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X
P T M M

C D U C D U C D U

C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X
P M

PSU

PSU

PSU

PSU

U U U

U U

cabinet Basic Extension cabinet Basic cabinet group

Internal Use

Basiccabinet

Extension cabinet

Extension cabinet group

Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 System Components Chapter 3 Signal Processing Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

Internal Use

Antenna and Feeder System

CDU and Antenna System

TTA(optional)

Transceiving antenna

Combiner & divider unit

Lightning arrester

Internal Use

Transceiver

TTA(optional)

Diverse Receiving antenna

Lightning arrester

CDU

TX1

TX2 TX-COMB TX-DUP RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4

HL-out RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 HL-in RXD-out

Combiner

Coupler

TX/RX-ANT

Distributor

Distributor

RXD

Internal Use

CDU

coupler

coupler

Combiner

Distributor

Distributor

Combiner

Distributor

Distributor

Internal Use

Indicators on CDU

Indicator Name POWER

Color Green

Meaning Power Standing wave ratio alarm Standing wave ratio alarm TTA current indication LNA current indication On: Normal Off: Abnormal

Explanation

Normal State On

VSWR1

Yellow

On: VSWR is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.5 Off: Normal On: VSWR is greater than 2.5 Off: Normal On: TTA current out of range Off: Normal On: LNA current out of range Off: Normal

Flash

VSWR2 TTA LNA

Red Red Red

Off Off Off

Internal Use

Alarm Test

Standing wave testing function:

When the tested standing wave exceeds the preset threshold (1.5:1 or 2.5:1), CDU will give corresponding alarms and indications.

Testing the internal amplifier and the tower amplifier, CDU reports the alarms to TMU.

Internal Use

EDU

EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU

TX1

Coupler

TX/RXANT1

RX1 RX2

Distributor

TX1

Coupler

TX/RXANT2

RX3 RX4

Distributor

Internal Use

SCU

Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges and the plug loss is 6.8dB.

Internal Use

2CDU+SCU

coupler

coupler

Combiner

Combiner

Distributor

Distributor

Combiner

Distributor Distributor

Combiner Combiner

Internal Use

Feeder

There are several forms for the main feeder: 7/8 inch CABLE LOSS=0.043dB/m 5/4 inch CABLE LOSS=0.032dB/m 1/2-inch super-flexible jumpers CABLE LOSS=0.11dB/m Used between the antenna and the main feeder Between the antenna and the tower amplifier Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

Internal Use

Feeder

RF device of BTS
Jumper/TTA Connector (DIN) DIN connector Lightning arrester TTA

Dual polarization antenna

jumper

Antenna connector DIN

Lightning arrester/feeder BTS rack connectorDIN Jumper connectorDIN
Internal Use

Jumper/TTA connector DIN

Antenna Technology

Antenna gain Antenna Pattern Polarization Diversity technology

Internal Use

Antenna Gain

Antenna gain indicates the antenna feature of radiating electromagnetic waves in specific directions. Normally, the higher the gain, the stronger the far field strength and the greater the effective coverage.

A B

GainA>GainB

Internal Use

Antenna Gain Unit

dipole

isotropic

For example: 2.15dB

3dBd = 5.15dBi

Internal Use

Antenna Pattern

The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of antennas in all directions. Refers to the half-power angle in the horizontal plane.

360

120

90

65

Omni Antenna
Internal Use

Directional antenna

Antenna Pattern

Omni antenna lobe

Direction antenna lobe

Internal Use

Polarization

Two main types of polarization: Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization The types of antenna divided by polarization: Single polarization antenna Vertical polarization for GSM One port for one feeder Bi-polarization antenna +45 degree and -45 degree Two ports for two feeders

Internal Use

Polarization

Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization

+ 450 polarization

- 450 polarization

Internal Use

Polarization

Vertical/Horizontal

slop (+/- 45)

Internal Use

Polarization

Omni Antenna

Single polarization directional antenna

Bi-polarization directional antenna

Internal Use

Diversity Technology

Polarization diversity

Types of diversity:

Save antenna

Space diversity d>10 wavelength

Frequency diversity Frequency hopping

Internal Use

Improve the signal level via diversity

distance

Internal Use

Lightning Arrester

Lightning Arrester is used to prevent the equipment from being damaged by the lightening current inducted by the core line of the feeder.

CDU and Antenna System

TTA(optional)

Transceiving antenna

Combiner & divider unit

Lightning arrester

Internal Use

Transceiver

TTA(optional)

Diverse Receiving antenna

Lightning arrester

TTA (Optional)

The tower amplifier is installed next to the receiving antenna. It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the base station. consisting of: Triplex filter Low noise amplifier Feeder

Internal Use

TTA (Optional)

Simplex TTA

duplex TTA

triplex TTA

triplex TTA
TX filter BTS Bias Tee bypass antenna

RX filter Low noise amplifier

RX filter

DC
Internal Use

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved