Cc303:Highway engineering softening and penetration test

Group members name: 1. Muhammad halil husairi bin baharim 2. Mohamad nasharudin bin ahmad 3. Ahmad mustaqim bin ahmad nazri 4. Farhana bt abd latif 5. Nur atifah bt hamidi 6. Nor saedah bt ibrahim 7. Nur liyana izzati bt muhammad 8. Muhammad nizamul hayat bin nizamuddin

Softening point test result

 F:\Bitumen Softening Point Test.mp4

 Table 1:requirement for penetration grade

bitumen
property Penetration at 25 c,(deci-milimetre) Softening point,ring and ball requirement 80/100 40/50

 Result of softening point:

Test no Temperature c Ball 1 40.2 c Ball 2 40.8 c

The mean temperature of the two speciment (which shall not differ by more than 1 c) is recorded as the softening point .this temperature is to be used in conjunction with the penetration value to obtain the penetration index.

Based on the result obtained,the difference between the ball 1 and ball 2 temperature because: The volume of the bitumen is not same. 2. The time to placed the bitumen are different between the first and second bitumen. 3. Accuracy of temperature measurement. 4. The temperature of ball 1 is effected by surrounding
1.

Penetration test
F:\Bitumen Penetration Test.flv

Experiment No. 1

Penetration (pen) 1 2 3 4 9.7 5

Average

12.2 10.8 11. 4

12.4 11.2 x 10 = 112

2 10.8 11.2 12. 9.8 10.6 10.88 x 10 = 108.8 From the result that we get the grade of the bitumen is from the range is 0 100/120 . But based on the specific in PWD 1992 the grade of bitumen is 3 the range 80/100 11.1 . 11.8 12. 11.4 11.8 11.64 x 10 = 116.4 from 1 The result from the experiment and theory is different because : a ) We are used the ageing bitumen . b ) Bonding between the bitumen is separated because the bitumen is heated several time. c ) Poor sampling and sample penetration. d ) Badly maintained apparatus and needles. e ) Incorrect temperature and timing.

Penetration index

The nomo graph as given in Figure 1 enables the PI to be deduced approximately from the penetration at 25 C and the softening point temperature . Typical values of PI are : Bitumen Types Blown Bitumen PI >2

Conventional Paving Bitumen

Temperature Susceptible Bitumen ( asphalt)

- 2 to + 2
<-2

 Blown bitumen:Oxidized Bitumen grades are

blown or oxidized bitumen 's which are produced by passing air through soft bitumen under controlled temperature conditions. This process gives the bitumen more rubbery properties than penetration or hard grade bitumens, and a variety of uses in industrial applications. Conventional paving bitumen: