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Liquid - liquid extraction, also called solvent extraction, is a process that allows the separation of two or more components due to their unequal solubilities in two immiscible liquid phases.
The Sepration of target Solutes is performed by shaking the two liquids in a separatory funnel for a few minutes. The solute which will be extracted should be soluble with the both solvents (aquous solution and Organic Solvent) The solvents should be immiscible with each other. The temperature should be same during the overall extraction process. The process is done 3 to 4 times for separation of total solutes from aquous solution.
In the liquid liquid extraction process, the high density containing components is located at the lower phase and the low density containing components at the upper phase In case of Pharmaceutical chemical, two immiscible organic solvents are used. In case of Inorganic solutes, aquous solution is used because inorganic solutes are not soluble in organic solvent. In case of water sensitive inorganic solutes, chelate is formed by adding another component which is also soluble in solvent.
Kp= Co/Caq Kp= the distribution constant Co= the concentration of analyte in the organic phase Caq= the concentration of analyte in the aquous phase
Mechanical Means Centrifugation Addition of monovalent and divalent ions Addition of Ethanol or higher alcohol Addition of silicone- defoaming agent Sudden cooling of emulsion Altering the ratio of solvents Passing Emulsion through the Thin bed of an adsorbent.