Departement of Anatomy Medical Faculty of North Sumatra University

Muscle crosses joint Origin is usually proximal and insertion is usually distal Origin is considered fixed in analyzing muscle action Muscle action (concentric) is given by movement of insertion relative to origin across joint Remember:

Sometimes insertion might be fixed Muscle may be active isometrically and concentrically giving different real function during real activity

Muscles of Scapula
If INSERTION on scapula, muscle moves scapula
Trapezius Rhomboids Pectoralis Minor Serratus Ventralis Levator Scapulae

 If ORIGIN on scapula, muscle moves arm

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi (partially on scapula)

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Muscles originate on fossae of scapula Help support open socket of shoulder joint Insert around ball of femur Medial and lateral rotation of upper limb Typical baseball pitcher injury

 Region

between arm and chest Boundaries

Ventral - pectoral muscles Dorsal = latissimus dorsi, teres major subscapularis Medial = serratus ventralis Lateral = bicipital groove of humerus

Contents

Axillary nerves and blood vessels Axillary lymph nodes Brachial plexus

 Posterior Compartmentposterior cord Anterior compartmentmedial, lateral cords Name of cord is relative to axillary artery

 One

posterior nerve
anterior nerves

Radial n. Musculocutaneous n. Median n. Ulnar n.

Three

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR NERVES M-C, ulnar, median MOVEMENT Flexion MUSCLES TWIST Biceps, flexors Flexors from medial epicondyle Radial Extension Triceps, extensors Extensors from lateral epicondyle

Bicepsanterior compartment, flexion (M-C n.) Tricepsposterior compartment, extension (radial n.)

Anterior Compartment Forearm--flexors

Medial Epicondyle Brachioradialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Retinaculum

Anterior View

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis is deep to other flexors

Posterior Compartment of Forearm--extensors

Lateral Epicondyle Brachioradialis Ext Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris

Posterior View

ANTERIOR MUSCLES M-C nerve

Biceps brachialis

Median

nerve

Forearm flexors Thumb intrinsics (1M$ nerve)

Ulnar

nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris Hand intrinsics

POSTERIOR MUSCLES
Muscles

(radial nerve)

Triceps Anconeus Brachioradialis Carpal, digit extensors

Dermatomes extend over limbs Named nerves generally innervate skin over muscles that they innervate

Frolich, Human Anatomy,UpprLimb

 M-C:

between biceps brachii and brachialis Median: medial/posterior to biceps, branches into forearm flexors at elbow then to hand through carpal tunnel Ulnar: medial in arm, posterior to medial epicondle of humerus (funny bone) down medial forearm medial to carpal tunnel into palm Radial: deep posterior arm around lateral epicondyle of humerus to forearm (deep and superficial branches)

Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve Brachial Artery Musculocutaneous Nerve UlnarArtery

Radial Artery

Median Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Biceps + Triceps brachii Olecranon Process Medial Epicondyle Cubital Fossa

Anterior surface elbow Contents

Brachial Artery Median Nerve Medial = Pronator teres Lateral = Brachioradialis Superior = Line between epicondyles

Boundaries

Carpal Tunnel Carpals concave anteriorly Carpal ligament covers it Contains: long tendons, Median nerve Inflammation of tendons = compression of Median nerve Anatomical Snuffbox Lateral = E.pollicis brevis Medial = E. pollicis longus Floor = scaphoid, styloid of radius Contains Radial Artery (pulse)