Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases, Conjunctions, Interjections, Appositives, and Participial Phrases

Prepositions Prepositional Phrases Conjunctions Interjections Appositives Participial Phrases

Definition, Classifications and Usages, and Objects

By Helen Tamanong

Definition
Prepositions express relationships of nouns or pronouns (its object) with other words in a sentence. It conveys meaning of position, direction , time , or other abstraction. Prepositions are always followed by its object, whether a noun or pronoun.

Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.

1. Location
Prepositions above across amid into through Usage higher than or on top of from one side to other surrounded by motion of getting inside by way or by means of Examples above the AS building across the Gorordo Ave. amid global crises into the water through the door

underneath
upon

below on top of something; carried by something or someone

underneath the skin upon the table; upon me

Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.

2. Time
Prepositions during for since till, until Usage tells when an action is happening tells the duration of an action tells the start of an action done up to the present reaching to a certain point of time Examples during the Orgs Fair for eight years now since that day I met you until SR Baez is confirmed

Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.

3. Association
Prepositions about besides but despite throughout Usage concerning in addition to except regardless of all the way through Examples about Con-Ass writing besides reading everybody but them despite the war throughout the semester

toward/towards
with

in direction to
including

toward light, towards the East

with catsup

Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.

4. Time and/or Location

Prepositions Usage for time: used for clock time for location: used for exact addresses inside something; for time: years, mos., seconds, etc. location: large places like country, capital, town, city, state, etc. time: used for complete date(s) location: streets, ave., blvds., Examples at 8 o clock at 0019 Gorordo Ave. here at SM in my house in 2o09; in June2009 in Lahug in Arkansas on the streets on Smithson Blvd.

at

in

on

past

beyond a certain thing or time

past 10 pm

Classifications
Prepositions are classified into five groups.

5. Compound Prepositions
Prepositions according to for the sake of in front of in spite of on account of prior to with respect to said by considering or for the benefit of before something or someone even in the existence of something; regardless of because of before considering Usage Examples according to Sartre for the sake of formality in front of the multitude in spite of poverty on account of the law prior to the wedding with respect to the employee

Objects of a Preposition
These are nouns or pronouns that comes after a preposition and these are what a preposition is referring to; thus, objects of preposition answer the question What? or Whom? Objects of preposition, if pronoun, are always in objective case.

Examples: across the street beyond the universe concerning the book despite the dilemma except him (not Except he) for a millennium

Definition, Uses, Examples, Tips and Tricks

By Kristian Jacob Abad Lora

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES is a phrase that consists of a preposition, the object of the preposition, and or modifiers of the object. Object of preposition may be noun (including gerund), pronoun, or noun clause.

These are the patterns for a prepositional phrase:

preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

Examples of prepositional phrase:

At home At = preposition; home = noun

By singing By = preposition; singing = gerund

About what we need About = preposition; what we need =noun clause Under the warm blanket Under = preposition; the, warm = modifiers; blanket = noun. By writing furiously By = preposition; writing = gerund; furiously = modifier.

MODIFIERS: Adjective

As an adjective, the prepositional phrase will answer the question Which one?.

Examples: 1. The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.

Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!

2. The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.
Which note? The one from Beverly!

MODIFIERS: Adverb As an adverb the prepositional phrase will answer the questions How?, When?, or Where?.

Examples: 1. Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice. How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!

2. Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil. When did Josh do his begging? Before class! 3. Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace. Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!

ARRANGING PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

phrase often appears after the word it modifies esp. if it is used as adjective.
Prepositional

However,

like adverbs, prepositional phrases that modify verbs can also be found at the very beginning or very end of a sentence.
Not

all phrases are this flexible, and so we need to be careful not to confuse our readers by misplacing a prepositional phrase.
The

best arrangement is one that is both clear and uncluttered.

Although several prepositional phrases may appear in the same sentence, avoid packing in so many phrases that you confuse the reader. The sentence below, for example, is cluttered and awkward:

On a rickety stool in one corner of the crowded honky tonk, the folk singer sits playing lonesome songs on his battered old guitar about warm beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.

In this case, the best way to break up the string of phrases is to make two sentences:
On a rickety stool in one corner of the

crowded honky tonk, the folk singer sits hunched over his battered old guitar. He plays lonesome songs about warm beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.
A long sentence is not necessarily an effective sentence.

Make this sentence more concise by eliminating needless modifiers:

It was a rainy morning, dull, wet, and gray, in the early part of the month of December. It was a rainy morning in the early part of December.

Remember that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of a sentence.

Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject of a verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never find a subject in a prepositional phrase.

CONJUCTIONS
Lexxa Jane Moilijon

DEFINITION
A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence

Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions
and but or yet for nor so

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma: Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction are nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the comma: Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.

Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

Subordinating Conjunctions
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

Correlative Conjunctions
Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.