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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Blood
Body contains approximately 4 to 5 liters of blood, making up about 8% of the bodys weight Functions include:
Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and hormones Removing metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide Providing immunity through antibodies Maintaining body temperature and electrolyte balance Clotting to prevent bleeding from a wound
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Smallest blood cells Platelets promote clotting to prevent blood loss Platelets can form a plug to seal small vessels by themselves or start the clotting process Produced in red bone marrow Live about 5 to 9 days
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Plasma
A pale yellow liquid that remains when elements are removed from blood Whole blood is 55% plasma Plasma is 90% water and approximately 10% proteins It contains nutrients, electrolytes, oxygen, enzymes, hormones, and wastes Helps fight infection and assists in the clotting (coagulation) of blood
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Blood Typing
A persons blood type is an inherited characteristic of the blood A blood type is determined by the antigens located on the surface of the red blood cell Clumping of incompatible cells blocks blood vessels and may cause death
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Lymph is a watery substance formed from fluid that filters into the body tissue or interstitially Lymphatic tissues consist of the tonsils, thymus, spleen, nodes, and the lymph vessels
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Immunity
Immune response takes on two forms
As a barrier of the skin, mucous membranes, tears, and the leukocytes In leukocytes antibodies are formed in response to antigens or foreign materials that enter the body
Assessment Techniques
Hemoglobin (Hgb) test measures the amount of oxygen-carrying ability of the blood Hematocrit (Hct) measures the volume of erythrocytes in the blood Sedimentation rates measure how long it takes for erythrocytes in the blood to settle to the bottom of a container Reticulocyte studies measure the number of immature red blood cells
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Allergy
Hypersensitive response by the immune system to an outside substance
Anemia
The blood has an inadequate amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells, or both
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Elephantiasis
A massive accumulation of lymphatic fluid in body tissues, causing an abnormally large growth of tissue or hypertrophy
Erythroblastosis fetalis
A condition in an unborn baby in which the mother forms antibodies against the antigens in the babys blood
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Hepatitis
A viral infection of the blood
Hodgkins disease
A malignant cancer of the lymph system
Lymphosarcoma
Is a group of malignant cancers of lymph tissues other than Hodgkin's disease
Polycythemia
An abnormal increase in the number of blood cells, making the blood thicker and slower flowing
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Splenomegaly
An enlargement of the spleen caused by an acute infection such as mononucleosis or anemia
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Thrombocytopenia
A decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
Thrombosis
A condition in which a blood clot, called a thrombus, forms in the blood vessels
Interferon Prevention of viral diseases Monoclonal antibodies Used in organ transplants, against autoimmune
disease, and to diagnose certain diseases
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.