Dynamics of Circular

Motion
Types of Circular Motion
Centripetal Force
Centripetal Acceleration
Horizontal Circle
Vertical Circle
Banking of Curves
Conical Pendulum
CIRCULAR MOTION
- Motion of a body in a curved path

TYPES:
Uniform Circular Motion, UCM motion with
constant speed
Ex. A car rounding an oval at 30 KPH


Non-Uniform circular Motion, NUCM a roller
coaster car that slows down and speeds up as it
moves around a vertical loop.



Uniform Circular Motion
DEFINITION OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object
traveling at a constant speed on a circular path.
V
V S
r
Conversion:
1 rev = 360 = 2 rad
c
In uniform circular motion, the speed is constant, but the
direction of the velocity vector is not constant.

90 = + | o

90 = +u o
u | =
Centripetal Acceleration
r
t v
v
v A
=
A
r
v
t
v
2
=
A
A
r
v
a
c
2
=
S
Concept in Uniform Circular Motion


A Body Moving In Circular Path on a
Flat Horizontal Surface
Forces Acting on a Body When Rotated forming a
Vertical Circle (when along the horizontal)
Vertical Circular Motion
r
v
m mg F
N
2
1
1
=
r
v
m mg F
N
2
3
3
= +
r
v
m F
N
2
2
2
=
r
v
m F
N
2
4
4
=
Verti
Vertical Circle A Rotating Ferris Wheel
Period & Frequency
Period, T - time it takes for the object to travel once around
the circle. (sec)

Frequency, f no. of cycles or no. of revolutions that the
body makes in 1 sec
(rev/sec, cycles/sec, hertz)
v
r
T
=
2t
r
= 1/
Centripetal Force
Thus, in uniform circular motion there must be a net
force to produce the centripetal acceleration.

The centripetal force is the name given to the net force
required to keep an object moving on a circular path.

The direction of the centripetal force always points toward
the center of the circle and continually changes direction
as the object moves.
r
v
m ma F
c c
2
= =
Banked Curves
On an unbanked curve, the static frictional force
provides the centripetal force.
Car Rounding a Flat Curve at Constant Speed
Banked Curves
On a frictionless banked curve, the centripetal force is the
horizontal component of the normal force. The vertical
component of the normal force balances the cars weight.
Banked Curves ( Neglecting Friction)
r
v
m n F
c
2
sin = = u
mg n = u cos
rg
v
2
tan = u
n
n cos
Banked Curves
Example : The Daytona 500

The turns at the Daytona International Speedway have a
maximum radius of 316 m and are steely banked at 31
degrees. Suppose these turns were frictionless. At what
speed would the cars have to travel around them?
rg
v
2
tan = u
u tan rg v =
( )( ) ( ) mph 96 s m 43 31 tan s m 8 . 9 m 316
2
= =

v
Summary
rectilinear
Summary
Sample Problems
A Tire-Balancing Machine
1. The wheel of a car has a radius of 0.29m and it being rotated
at 830 revolutions per minute on a tire-balancing machine.
Determine the speed at which the outer edge of the wheel is
moving.
The Effect of Speed on Centripetal Force
2. The model airplane has a mass of 0.90 kg and moves at
constant speed on a circle that is parallel to the ground.
The path of the airplane and the guideline lie in the same
horizontal plane because the weight of the plane is balanced
by the lift generated by its wings. Find the tension in the 17 m
guideline for a speed of 19 m/s.
Sample Problems
3.
5.
4.
Sample Problems
7.
6.
vertical.
Conical Pendulum
8. The 4-kg in the figure is
attached to a vertical rod by
means of two strings. When
the system rotates about
the axis of the rod, the
strings are extended as
shown and the tension in
the upper string is 80 N.
a) What is the tension in the
lower cord?
b) b) How many revolutions
per minute does the system
make?