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Definition:
Also, the quality, configuration, and connection mode of the NEs are
determined to facilitate engineering implementation.
Categories:
Core service refers to the service that have a long-term effect on the
network development. It is possible that the core service is not profitable in
a short period, but is the attraction of the subscriber increase and service
development, for example, high-speed data service.
Objective:
To estimate equipments needed to meet network
requirement (approximate BS quantity and
configuration).
Method:
Capacity Calculation
Coverage information
Coverage area
Area information
Capacity information
Spectrum available
Quality information
QoS requirement
GoS requirement
System scale
System configuration
Sector configuration
Carrier quantity
Network construction
cost
Site cost
Equipment cost
I nput Output
Coverage dimension
Capacity dimension
Internal Use
18
Radio Network Pre-planning
We still pay attention to some factors when we select the candidate sites :
Radio environment
Ambient
Work implement
Space of room
Antenna install
Transmission
Power
Commercial factor
Rent
Internal Use
23
Summary of the Chapter
Capacitycoverage
Capacityquality
Coveragequality
Site capacity
Indoor coverage
Coverage probability
Propagation model
Equipment performance
Maximum cell radius
Create link budget
Obtain cell radius
Calculate site area
Specify site quantity
of the area
Maximum path loss
Maximum site
coverage area
Site quantity=planned area/site coverage area
Internal Use
27
Fundamental Principle
Link Budget:
To estimate the
system
coverage by
analyzing
uplink/downlink
signal
propagation; in
order to obtain
the maximum
propagation loss
after certain
communications
quality is
ensured.
TX
Combiner
Duplexer
Feeder
RX
Pout_BS
Lc_BS
Lf_BS
Ga_BS
NodeB
TX
RX
Pout_UE
Ga_UE
UE
Combiner
Duplexer
Body Loss
Fading
Margin
Penetration
Loss
Internal Use
28
Algorithm Introduction
PL_UL=P
out
_
UE
+ Ga
_BS
+ Ga
_UE
Lf
BS
+ Ga
_SHO
M
pc
M
f
MI L
p
L
b
S_
BS
PL_UL : Maximum propagation loss of the Uplink
Pout_UE : Maximum transmit power of the traffic channel of the UE
Lf_BS : Cable loss
Ga_BS : Antenna gain of the BS; Ga_UE: Antenna gain of the MS
Ga_SHO: Gain of soft handover
Mpc : Margin for fast power control
Mf : Slow fading margin (related to the propagation environment)
MI : Interference margin (related to the designed system capacity)
Lp : Penetration loss of a building (used if indoor coverage is required)
Lb : Body loss
SBS : Sensitivity of BS receiver (related to factors such as service and
multi-path condition)
Uplink (reverse)
Internal Use
29
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget
Body Loss
Gain of UE Tx Antenna
EIRP
Gain of BS Rx Antenna
Cable Loss
Sensitivity of BS Receiver
UL Cell Loading
Interference Margin
Penetration Loss
Generally, assume that the receiver gain and transmitter gain of the
UE antenna are both 0 dBi.
4. EIRP(dBm)
UE EIRP (dBm)
= UE Tx Power (dBm) - Body Loss (dB) + Gain of UE Tx Antenna (dBi)
Internal Use
32
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget
5. Gain of BS Rx Antenna (dBi)
Kathrein 741794
Frequency range
1710~2170MHz (dual
band for DCS
and UMTS)
Polarization +45
, -45
Gain 18.5dBi
HPBW (1920~2170MHz)
Horizontal: 63
Vertical:6.5
Electrical tilt Fixed, 2
Side lobe suppression for 1
st
side lobe above horizon
>14dB
Front-to-back ratio, co-polar >30dB
Dimension (Height / Width /
Depth)
1302 mm / 155 mm /
69 mm
Weight 6.6kg
Kathrein 741790
Frequency range 1920~2170MHz
Polarization Vertical
Gain 11dBi
HPBW Vertical: 7
Electrical tilt Fixed, 0
Dimension (Height) 1387 mm
Weight 5kg
Internal Use
33
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget
6.
Cable Loss (dB)
Lower jumper
Connector
Feeder
Upper jumper
Etc.
PN = KTBWNF
= -174 (dBm/Hz) + 10lg(3.84MHz / 1Hz) + NF(dB)
= -108 (dBm/3.84MHz) + NF (dB)
NF = SNR
i
/ SNR
o
= (S
i
/ N
i
) / (S
o
/ N
o
)
Internal Use
35
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget
8. Eb/Norequired (dB)
Service
UE speed
Radio Channel
9.
Sensitivity of BS Receiver (dBm)
Automobile ignition
Lighting
The higher the uplink cell loading, the higher the uplink interference.
= =
1
1
1
1
1
50% Load 3dB
60% Load 4dB
75% Load 6dB
Internal Use
44
Elements of WCDMA Uplink Budget
18.
SHO Gain over Fast Fading (dB)
19.
SHO Gain over Slow Fading (dB)
Lb : Body loss
Cable Loss
Gain of BS Tx Antenna
EIRP
Gain of UE Rx Antenna
Body Loss
Sensitivity of UE Receiver
DL Cell Loading
Interference Margin
Penetration Loss
The higher downlink cell loading, the higher cell transmit power,
and the higher the receiver interference.
Downlink cell loading at the receiver: The ratio of the current cell
transmit power to the maximum BS transmit power. Characteristics:
The higher downlink cell loading, the higher cell transmit power.
The downlink cell loading is related to service type, UE receiver
performance, cell size, and BS capability.
( ) ( )
(
+ =
N
j
j
j o b j j DL
v
W
R
N E i
1
/ 1 o q
Currently, the later definition is used in the link budget tool.
Internal Use
52
: 1.78
Elements of WCDMA Downlink Budget
Downlink Interference Margin (dB)
=
(
+ =
J
j
j DL j
j j j o b
DL
f
W
R V N E
1
,
) 1 (
/
o q
,where =
Ratio of other cell to own cell
base station power
Internal Use
53
Chapter 1 WCDMA Network Planning Process
Chapter 2 Uplink Budget
Chapter 3 Downlink Budget
Chapter 4 Coverage Enhancement Technologies
Internal Use
54
Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA)
TMA
Four antennas