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Lack capacity to address security issues Improving capacity focus on better and sophisticated weaponry, instead of gaining people's support and trust Low level of professionalism: failure to adhere to rule of law and human rights Use of unconventional forces without reliable command oversight and results in HRVs Strong correlation between government excess and extremism Philippines is a major arena for anti-terrorism
To conduct sustained law enforcement actions against dissident terrorists (DTs) atrocities;
To collect intelligence information on DT activities; To conduct limited ISO, of a defensive nature, to flush DTs out of urban areas. The PNP is also required to coordinate with the AFP in the area at the first opportunity. Lastly, to conduct investigation and prosecution of ISO-related cases. On the other hand, the active role of the PNP entails the following: To conduct search and destroy operations against DT strongholds and concentrations
Informal processes or practices that contribute to HRVs must be eradicated (e.g. body count, blood money)
Internal and external accountability mechanisms to ensure prosecution and disciplinary action for violations of human rights
Address savior of the people mentality Role in private armies and support for the elite
WHAT PRINCIPLES SHALL GOVERN THE PROCESS? TRANSPARENCY HUMAN CAPACITY/EMPOWERMENT PARTICIPATION ATTENTION TO VULNERABLE GROUPS
VI: ACTIVITIES
Desk review of related literature Review of Rule of Law
Focus Group Discussions (10) NCR: Top Level Dialogues (2) Luzon: 1 CSO, 1 PNP/AFP (camp/station) (2) Visayas: 1 CSO, 1 PNP/AFP (camp/station); 1 regional director/commander level (3) Mindanao: 1 CSO, 1 PNP/AFP (camp/station); 1 regional director/commander level (3)
Validation with the PNP/AFP Presentation to the CHR en banc
References
Marcus Schulzke, Democratization and Military Reform in the Philippines, Journal of Asia Pacific Studies ( 2010) Vol 1, No 2, 320-337.
Carolina Hernandez, Restoring Civilian Control Over the Philippine Military, Journal of International Cooperation Studies Vol. 10, No. 1 (2002), pp. 25-48.
Arugay, Aries A. (2007), Civil Societys Next Frontier: Security Sector Reform (SSR) th Advocacy in the Philippines, Paper presented at the 5 ISTR Asia-Pacific Conference (Manila, Philippines) Bernas, Joaquin G. (2009), The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines: A Commentary, Rex Bookstore.
THE ZAMBOANGA CRISIS: SOME SEARCHING NOTES By: GRACE JIMENO REBOLLOS, Former President, WMSU
The following are the result of observations on various aspects of the crisis. We wonder and hope these thoughts are taken in the interest of seeking positive ways forward. 1 Intelligence: 2 Negotiations: 3 The Peace Process and Revisiting OPAPPs Role: 4 The Role of Media 5 IPSP and Bantay Bayanihan: Where do we draw the lines of engagement for Bantay Bayanihan (BB) as it has been acknowledged to be a partner of the AFPs Internal Peace and Security Program (IPSP)? The Zamboanga Crisis was a test for its implementation. We were not remiss in calling attention to the need for talking. Amidst the burning of the houses, our interlocutors were in no mood to meet us, and even exhorted us to forget Bantay Bayanihan. The relevance of the IPSP-BB partnership is weighed against extreme encounters like this, and when push comes to shove, the military will exercise what it does best fire the gun ostensibly under the orders of the commander-in-chief.