Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Epidemiology
The study of distribution and determinants of disease in human population ; why different population or group different risks , diferrent disease Patterns of incidence and death rates of malignant disease : sex,age,race,geography
Concept epidemiology
General approach
Descriptive epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology
Why How
Types of epidemilogical
Occupational epidemiology : effects of workplace exposures on workers Clinical epidemiology : outcome the patients Genetic epidemiology: focus on familes or high risk individual, concerned with determinants of disease in families and on inherited causes of cancer in population Nutritional or environmental epidemiology Molecular epidemiology
Application epidemiology
Planning Evaluation of cancer control Primary prevention Early detection Scope of cancer epidemiology: broad concern causes of cancer identification of population where risk reduced prevention
Male
Female
Prostate Lung and bronchus Colon and rectum NHL Oral cavity
Breast Lung and bronchus Colon and rectum Uterine corpus Pancreas
Kidney
Urinary bladder Pancreas Stomach
Ovary
NHL Kidney Multiple Myeloma
liver
Etiology
Chemical carcinogens Environmental and industrial carcinogens Drug induced cancers Radiation carcinogenesis Viral and immunologic mechanisms
Etiology
A.Chemical carcinogens 1.Industrial exposure 2-Naphthylamine Benzidine Bis(chloromethyl)ethe r Bis(2chloroethyl)sulfide (mustard gas) Vinyl chloride Chromium compounds Nickel compounds Asbestos Benzene
2.Medical exposure N,N-bis(2chloroethyl)-2naphthylamine (Chlornaphazin) Diethylstilbestrol Inorganic arsenic comp. Mephalan,cyclophos phamide
2.Radiation carcinogenesis:medical xrays,atomic weapon,radon in house 3.Viral and immunologic mechanisms -Epstein-Barr virus -Hepatitis-B -HIV 4.Environmental: ultraviolet
Role of infection
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Underdeveloped country rate infection in infancy , high the age of onset HD -EBV is present in 40 60% of cases -chronic viral infection activation of cellular oncogenes, loss of tumour suppressor genes and deregulation of several cytin