Organ transplant

Face transplant/Facial allograft transplant (FAT)

Definition: What are Organ Transplants?

An organ transplant is a surgical operation in which a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replaced with a functioning one. The donated organ may be from a deceased donor, a living donor, or an animal. In some cases an artificial organ is used.

Ethical Issues
The major ethical concerns regarding organ transplant stem from the issue of a shortage of organs. The number of patients on the waiting list for organ donation far exceeds the number of available donors. As of January 2008, over 97,900 people remained on a waiting list, and between January and September of 2007 only 21,403 transplant surgeries had been performed.

Issues
better chance for survival be given priority parents of young children incentives, either monetary or non-monetary (smoking, drinking, drug use, obesity, etc transplant tourism Should prisoners on death row be given the option of donating organs upon their death, or even be offered the option of trading a kidney or bone marrow in exchange for a life sentence in prison without parole? required to indicate their wishes regarding organ transplantation

 Should consent to donate organs be presumed, so that organs are donated unless a person, while still living, specifically requests not to donate upon death? Should organs be created through the use of stem cells? Should hospital policies permit organs to be taken from non- heart-beating donors (NHBD) to increase the number of organs available?

 bilateral hand transplantation(Dubernard et al., 2003) The first partial face transplant(of the nose, lips and chin) was carried out by Dubenard and colleagues, in France, in November 2005.

 facial transplantation will beused to alleviate functional impairment, for example ,where burns contractures prevent mouth opening orother facial movement, where the eyelids have been lost(leading to corneal ulceration and blindness) or where the nose or ears have been lost. It provides opportunities for functional improvement and improved cosmesis currently impossible with other surgical techniques

 The final appearance is likely to be a composite of donor and recipient faces, not identical to either original face but retaining some superficial donor characteristics such as eyebrows (Clarke & Butler, 2005).

face transplantation
excited considerable interest and debate the issue of the psychological impact on the recipient, and concluded that more research and planning was needed before the procedure should be carried out. Among the major concerns identified were the problem of informed consent for a new procedure The impact of lifelong immunosuppression in a quality of life psychological problems of altered appearance

 The operation will be performed only for the improvement of facial function where current surgical techniques are limited Facial transplantation is not, at present, indicated for cosmetic reasons, i.e.: in the absence of facial pathology, because of both short and long-term risk, in particular the consequences of life long immunosuppression.

Baginya operasi face-off tidak sekadar memperbaiki wajahnya, tapi juga memperbaiki psikologi, hati dan imannya. Selama di rumah sakit, Lisa mengaku juga banyak mendapat ilmu dan nasehat dari tim dokter. Hal tersebut membuatnya makin kuat menjalani hidup dan menatap masa depan.