PEARL GTL PROJECT

Incident and Injury Free Critical to Life Confined Space Training Part One Rev 00 (July 2007)

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Slide 1 Introduction to Confined Spaces

All employees required to enter confined or enclosed spaces must be instructed in:
nature of the hazards necessary precautions to be taken use of protective and emergency equipment

The employer must comply with any specific regulations that apply to work in dangerous or potentially dangerous areas.
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Slide 2 - Types of Confined Spaces

A confined space is any fully or partly enclosed space which: is not a normal place of work; has a restricted means of entry and exit; and may have a dangerous atmosphere. This includes: storage tanks; boilers and pressure vessels; excavation greater than 1.5 m; pits; pipes; sewers; shafts; ducts; and

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Slide 3 - Hazards of Confined Spaces Atmospheric Physical Configuration Mechanical Electrical Thermal Noise Vibration Engulfment or Entrapment

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Slide 4 - Entry Point Hazards

Small Openings make entry and rescue difficult Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or air lines Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large openings difficult to transit Vertical entry points are fall hazards

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Slide 5 - Physical Configuration Hazards

The use and shape of a space can create hazardous conditions Use of Ladders & Scaffolding Wet or slippery surfaces Uneven bottoms Bends in tunnels Narrow areas that can entrap workers Poor lighting

Use retrieval & fall protection when possible

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Slide 6 - Mechanical Hazards

Some confined spaces have unguarded mechanical equipment such as:

Paddles Blades Shafts Chain or belt drives All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before entry

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Slide 7 - Electrical Hazards

Electric Shock is a possible hazard in Confined Spaces Hazard Sources include:

Broken lighting Electrical sensing devices Limit switches Level indicating devices Hazards from equipment taken inside

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Slide 8 - Temperature Hazards

High and Low Temperatures are Hazards Burns Heat Stress Wearing Protective clothing can increase the heat stress on a worker, make sure that you take regular breaks

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Slide 9 - Worker Comfort

Factors affecting worker comfort: Air temperature Air velocity though the space Humidity Radiant heat

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Slide 10 - Oxygen depletion

The flow of air through a confined space is known as the ventilation.

Poor ventilation can lead to an oxygen deficient atmosphere inside a confined space. The air in your workplace must contain between 19 - 21% oxygen to sustain life. 15% oxygen concentration - muscle control is impaired. 10 - 14% oxygen concentration - impaired judgement. 8 - 10% oxygen concentration fainting and nausea. 6 - 10% oxygen concentration - collapse, unconsciousness and death.

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Slide 11 - Poor ventilation

Poor ventilation will prevent stale air and toxic gases escaping from a confined space.

Carbon dioxide displaces air from the confined space and reduces the oxygen levels.

Use forced ventilation if natural ventilation cannot:

provide enough oxygen; and remove toxic gases.

Never enter a confined space unless it is adequately ventilated and has been tested for oxygen content.

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Slide 12 - Contaminants
Residue can be left behind in the form of liquids, solids or gases.

Viruses and bacteria can be found in confined spaces.

Toxic and corrosive residues such as hydrochloric acid, caustic soda and cyanide can be found in process vessels, pipes and storage tanks.

Liquids and sludges can also be a slip hazard.

All contaminants should be cleaned out and removed, if possible, without entering the confined space.

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Slide 13 - Flammable and explosive vapours

Flammable and explosive vapours can be found inside empty flammable liquid storage tanks.

Test any confined space you suspect of containing flammable gases and vapours to determine the gas concentration.

Purge the confined space with air to remove or dilute the gas to a safe working level.

Never introduce a naked flame or spark into a confined space until the gas concentration has been reduced to a safe working level.

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Slide 14 - Moving parts and piping

Confined spaces can contain moving internal parts such as agitators, rakes, augers, rollers or conveyors.

Confined spaces are often connected to other vessels, containers and equipment via pipes and ducts.

Before you enter a confined space you must check to ensure: all moving parts are isolated and tagged to prevent movement; and all pipes and ducts leading into and out of the confined space are closed, isolated and tagged to prevent any inflow.

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Slide 15 - Lighting and electricity

Use either 32 volt portable lighting or 240 volt portable lighting with earth leakage protection.

When using portable electric tools inside a confined space make sure they are: double insulated; and connected to a portable earth leakage protection unit.

Suspend all electric power cables so they do not create a trip hazard.

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Slide 16 - Confined Space Entry Permit

The Confined Space Entry Permit is used to record all tests and checks. It also indicates if the confined space has been cleared for entry. Always read the permit before entering the confined space. Always sign onto the permit before entering the confined space. Always sign off the permit as you leave the confined space. Never enter a confined space until a Confined Space Entry Permit has been issued.

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Slide 17 - Controlling Confined Space Hazards

Each Confined Space has different hazards. Hazards can also change with time and usage.
Post signs to warn of the dangers. Use barriers to prevent uncontrolled access Develop and use a written space entry program. Conduct air monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate hazards. Define acceptable entry conditions. Monitor entry conditions Eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry

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Slide 18 - Basic Confined Space Entry Procedure

All entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must be fully qualified

1. Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing 2. Assemble and check equipment 3. Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions 4. Conduct initial air sampling 5. Execute & Complete Entry Permit 6. Station Entry Attendant

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Slide 19 Entry Procedure (continued)

7. Establish Monitoring of Atmosphere 8. Establish Communication 9. Execute Hot Work Permit if applicable 10.Post Confined Space Entry Permit 11. Do a TSTI at the job site 12. Enter Space 13. Postentry debrief if problems were encountered

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Slide 20 - Confined Space Safety

Keep access-ways and ventilation points free of obstructions. Keep engine exhausts away from ventilation intakes. Never store flammable or explosive gases or liquids in front of access-ways. Never enter a confined space without authorisation from your Supervisor. Ensure that an observer is posted outside the confined space at all times while people are working inside.

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Slide 21 Testing the Atmosphere

Testing the atmosphere: Verify presence of safe work atmosphere.

Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use Test all areas of a confined space Top, Middle, Bottom Check for Explosive & Toxic Gases Check Oxygen level

Record all readings

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Slide 22 Ventilation

Ventilation:
Consider best of exhaust or supply or both Provide workzone exhaust if welding Plan ventilation supply and exhaust paths Ensure no re-circulation of air supply Use continuous ventilation

Retest the confined space before and during entry

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Slide 23 Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)

Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO) Lock & tagging ALL electrical sources. Blank & bleeding fluid lines Disconnect mechanical drives &shafts. Secure mechanical parts Lock & Tag all valves

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Slide 24 Rescue Team

RESCUE Team

A Qualified Rescue Team and rescue equipment must be available for entry into all Permit Required Confined Spaces Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant communication with workers in the space Entry Attendant must have source of communication with the Rescue Team

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Slide Confined Space Personnel (Revision)

Safe Working Practices

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