Universidad de Santiago de Chile Facultad de Humanidades - Departamento de Lingstica y Literatura Grammar Theory

If
Conditionals
Francis Alvarez Fernanda Gmez
14th November 2012

!H"T#S " C$%D T $%"L S&%T&%C&'

" conditional sentence is a comple( structure )hich incorporates the use is an F CL"US&* F CL"US&+ ndicates a condition )hich is necessary ,or something else to happen* (When, provided that, on condition that)

IF CLAUSE ,(THEN)
CON ITION CONSE!UENCE (dependent)

IF CLAUSE

(NO COMMA)

CONSE!UENCE

CON ITION

(independent) (independent) (dependent)

-&.$ C$%D T $%"L

-&.$ C$%D T $%"L

/ G&%&."L C$%D T $%"L0
It is used to describe a situation that is al a!s truth and it is used to tal" about hat !ou normall! do in real#life situations$

1resent Simple 2 1resent Continuous3

F CL"US&

1resent Simple

C$%S&4U&%C&

o o o o o o o

If I go to the movies, I come back late. The students go to classes if they have a good teacher. If I am driving, I never answer my cell phone Please dont disturb me if I am sleeping If you heat water until 100 , it boils When students study systematically, they get good grades When you get in!ured, you go to the doctor "no time relationship#

F .ST C$%D T $%"L

F .ST C$%D T $%"L

/ 1$SS 5L& C$%D T $%"L0
It is used to describe a real or possible situation in the future. Present I$ %&'()

Will /Wont/May/Can/Must/Shoud + Infinitive *+(),')+ )

o o o o o o o

If the workers go on strike, the train services will be disrupted (arah and -avid can stay home if they dont want to go out. If Tom has too much to do, he should as someone to help him If &nna has .inished work by / oclock, she will !o home If 0ary has been studying all night, she will probably need a good break.ast If the lorry driver has driven all that way since this morning, he will be tired If you try to do this without any help, youre !oin! to .ail

S&C$%D C$%D T $%"L

S&C$%D C$%D T $%"L

/ 61.$5"5L& C$%D T $%"L0
It is used to describe a h!%othetical situation in the %resent or in the future$ It could be an ima&inar! or im%robable situation 'im%le (ast ) (ast Continuous* F CL"US& +ould),i&ht)Could - Infinitive

C$%S&4U&%C&

o o o o o o

If )ere rich3 ould bu! a huge mansion in 6ontecarlo If they gave me a chance3 thet ouldnt re&ret it If you )ent to .ome3 ould you visit the Coliseum' !e could &o out if it )ere not raining If he didn7t live 8y the river3 he couldn.t &o ,ishing* 1hat would you do if you lived in $rance2

TH .D C$%D T $%"L

TH .D C$%D T $%"L
/TH& 61$SS 5L& C$%D T $%"L0
It is used to describe a h!%othetical situation from the %ast and it is called /0he Im%ossible Conditional1 because as e are tal"in& about the %ast* there is no real %ossibilit! for this to ha%%en$ (ast (erfect*
F CL"US&

+ould)Could),i&ht - (resent (erfect

C$%S&4U&%C&

o o o o o

If you had called me, I could have co"e If we had paid the rent, we wouldt have been evicted I could have told him if I had seen him If you had driven more care.ully, you wouldt have had an accident 1hat would you have said if he had asked you2

Fi(ed phrases
To give advice+ if I ere !ou , )ere you3 )ould ,ly to reland right no) , )ere you3 )ould home To e(press regret + if onl! , only had told them the truth 3 could have )or9ed there longer To ma9e a re:uest+ if !ou don2t mind , you don#t mind3 )ould li9e you to 8ring me my stu,,s tomorro) To ma9e a :uestion+ hat if !hat i, )e )al9 to the 8each '

Summary

Condition al

3asic Form

-ero <st =nd ?rd

, or !hen ; 1resent Simple 2 1resent Simple , ; 1resent Simple 2 !ill ; n,initive , ; Simple 1ast 2 !ould or !ouldn>t ; n,initive , ; 1ast 1er,ect 2 !ould or !ouldn>t have ; 1resent 1er,ect

8i8liography
"L&@"%D&.3 L* Longman &nglish Grammar 1ractice australianet)or9*net )))*englishpage*com )))*egoAu*com )))*shertonenglish*com )))*e8pai*com presentsimpleesl*)ordpress*com