RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Prof. Ir. SUBRIYER NASIR, MS, PhD

Research ?

Research is an endeavour to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method. Research is a systematized effort to gain new knowledge. -Redman and Mory.

Merriam-Webster
1. careful or diligent search 2. studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws 3. the collecting of information about a particular subject

Objective of Research

To discover answers through the application scientific procedures To gain the new knowledge via sistematically effort

Characteristics of Research
Solution of a problem. Observable experience or empirical evidence. Accurate observation and description. Gathering new data from primary sources or using existing data for a new purpose. Careful designed procedures. Requires expertise i.e., skill necessary to carryout investigation, search the related literature and to understand and analyze the data gathered. Objective and logical applying every possible test to validate the data collected and conclusions reached. Answers for unsolved problems. Requires courage, patient and unhurried activity. Recorded and reported carefully

A Good research criterias :

Purpose of research clearly defined. Research process and design are planned and detailed. Applied ethical standards. Limitations frankly revealed. Adequate analysis for decision makers needs. Findings presented unambiguously. Conclusions justified. Researchers experience reflected.

Quality of Research
Systematic Logical Empirical Replicable Creative Use of multiple methods

 Conceptual vs Empirical Research

Conceptual Research is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones. Empirical Research is a data based research which depends on experience or observation alone. It is aimed at coming up with conclusions without due regard for system and theory.

ANN : Artificial Neural Network

Research Process
FF Review the literature FF
Review Concepts And theories Research Problem Review Previous Research findings Formulate hypothesis

Design Research (Including Sample Design)

Collect Data (Execution)

Analyse Data (Test Hypothesis if any)

Interpret ation and Report

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F F FF

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FINDING A TOPIC FOR RESEARCH

Who

What

5W+1H

When

How

The Journalistic Question

Where

Why