Oxygen Saturation

Outline
 Background Knowledge
◦ Definition of special terms
◦ Example of SaO2
◦ Respiration
◦ Range of heart rate
◦ Transportation of oxygen – the blood
◦ Hemoglobin
◦ Arterial blood versus venous blood
Background Knowledge
Definition of special terms (Medical)
 SO2 Oxygen saturation
 Artery + Venous
 SaO2 Arterial oxygen saturation
 95 – 98%
 SvO2Venous oxygen saturation
 60 – 80%
 SpO2 Pulse oxygen saturation
 Arterial oxygen saturation
 Pulse oximeter used
Background Knowledge
Example of SaO2
 Each hemoglobin is able to carry 4 oxygen
molecules
 As a result, when there are 100 hemoglobin,
a total number of 400 oxygen molecules can
be carried
 When the number of oxygen carried = 380
then SaO2 = 380/400 * 100% = 95%
Background Knowledge
Respiration
 Respiration = the process of gas exchange
◦ Takes oxygen in and carbon-dioxide out
 Two levels of respiration
◦ Internal respiration (cellular respiration)
The use of O2 by our cells
CO2 is the waste product
◦ External respiration (ventilation)
The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere
and body tissues
Background Knowledge
Range of heart rate (per minute)
 Elderly : 55 - 60
 Young people : 70 – 90
 Below 8-year-old : 80 – 140
◦ 4–7 years old : 80 – 100
◦ 2-3 years old : 100 – 120
◦ 1-year-old : 110 – 130
◦ Neonate : 120 - 140
Background Knowledge
Transportation of oxygen – the blood
 White blood cell (minority)
 Red blood cell (majority)
◦ Hemoglobin
 Related illness – hypoxia
◦ Malfunction of hemoglobin
Carry other elements other than oxygen in artery
system
◦ Detection using SaO2 measurement
Background Knowledge
Hemoglobin

 4O2 + Hb <——> nH+ + Hb(O2)4

Background Knowledge
Arterial blood versus venous blood
 Colour
◦ Artery: bright-red
◦ Venous : dark -red

 SO2
◦ SaO2 : 95-98%
◦ SvO2 : 60-80%

 As a result, the oxygen saturation determine

the colour of both arterial and venous blood