Types of Epithelia : 1. Covering Epithelia 2. Glandular Epithelia COVERING EPITHELIA : 1.

The number of cells layer : - simple epithelium - stratified epithelium 2. The shape of the components cells : - squamous : flattened, nucleus : central - cuboidal : cuboid, nucleus : central - columnar : taller than cuboidal, nucleus : 1/3 basal 3. The presence of surface specialisation such as cilia and keratin

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Lapisan parietal Capsula Bowman Alveoli

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

Epidermis

Keratin

Stratified Squamous non Keratized Epithelium

Esofagus

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Thyroid Gland

Figure 415. Simple cuboidal epithelium from kidney collecting tubules. Cells of these tubules are responsive to the antidiuretic hormone and control the resorption of water from the glomerular filtrate, thus affecting urine density and helping retain the water content of the body. PT stain. Low magnification.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Sudorifera Gland

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Trachea

Figure 233. Photomicrograph of the epithelium covering the inner surface of the respiratory airways. Most cells in this epithelium contain numerous cilia in their apices (free upper extremities). N, cell nuclei; M, cytoplasmic mucus secretion, which appears dark in this preparation. H&E stain. High magnification.

Transitional Epithelium
Ureter

Number of cell layers Simple

Cell Form Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

Example of Distribution Lining of vessel (endothelium). Covering the ovary, thyroid. Lining of intestine, gallbladder. Epidermis. Mouth, Esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal. Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles. Bladder, ureter. Conjunctiva

Stratified

Squamous Keratinized Squamous non Keratinized Cuboidal Transitional Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
-

Responsible for providing and maintaining form in the body. Composed of : - Cells - Extracellular matrix : - Fibers - Ground substance

CELLS
1. 2. 3. 4.

5.
6.

Fibroblast Machrophage Mast cell Plasma cell Adipose cell Leucocyte

FIBERS
1.

Elastic = yellow fiber, formed by protein elastin. Collagen = white fiber, formed by protein collagen. Reticular formed by protein collagen.

2.

3.

GROUND SUBSTANCE

Connective Tissue :
1.

2.

3.

Connective Tissue Proper : a. Loose Connective Tissue b. Dense Connective Tissue - Dense Regular Connective Tissue - Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Connective Tissue with Special Properties : a. Adipose Tissue b. Elastic Tissue c. Hematopoietic Tissue : Reticular Tissue d. Muscle Tissue Supporting Connective Tissue : a. Cartilage b. Bone

Fibroblast

Loose Connective Tissue

Figure 541. Section of rat skin in the process of repair of a lesion. The subepithelial connective tissue (dermis) is loose connective tissue formed soon after the lesion occurs. In this area, the cells, most of which are fibroblasts, are abundant. The deepest part of the dermis consists of dense irregular connective tissue, which contains many randomly oriented thick collagen fibers, scarce ground substance, and few cells. H&E stain. Medium magnification.

Figure 542. Section of loose connective tissue. Many fibroblast nuclei are interspersed with irregularly distributed collagen fibers. Small blood vessels are indicated by arrows. H&E stain. Medium magnification.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Figure 523. Dense irregular connective tissue from human dermis contains thick bundles of collagen fibers, fibroblast nuclei (arrowheads), and a few small blood vessels (bv). H&E stain. Medium magnification.

Dense Reguler Connective Tissue

Figure 546. Longitudinal section of dense regular connective tissue from a tendon. A: Thick bundles of parallel collagen fibers fill the intercellular spaces between fibroblasts. Low magnification. B: Higher magnification view of a tendon of a young animal. Note active fibroblasts with prominent Golgi regions and dark cytoplasm rich in RNA. PT stain.

Figure 545. Longitudinal section of dense regular connective tissue (tendon). Bundles of collagen fibers fill the spaces between the elongated fibroblasts. H&E stain. Medium magnification.

Reticular Tissue

Figure 548. Reticular connective tissue showing only the attached cells and the fibers (free cells are not represented). Reticular fibers are enveloped by the cytoplasm of reticular cells; the fibers, however, are extracellular, being separated from the cytoplasm by the cell membrane. Within the sinuslike spaces, cells and tissue fluids of the organ are freely mobile.

Adipose Tissue

Figure 61. Photomicrograph of unilocular adipose tissue of a young mammal. Arrows show nuclei of adipocytes (fat cells) compressed against the cell membrane. Note that, although most cells are unilocular, there are several cells (asterisks) with small lipid droplets in their cytoplasm, an indication that their differentiation is not yet complete. Pararosaniline toluidine blue (PT) stain. Medium magnification.

Figure 65. Photomicrograph of multilocular adipose tissue (lower portion) with its characteristic cells containing central spherical nuclei and multiple lipid droplets. For comparison, the upper part of the photomicrograph shows unilocular tissue. PT stain. Medium magnification.

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