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PROCESS

Prepared by: K.Y.LOH

 What are the living processes that require

energy? movement, excretion, growth, response to stimuli, reproduction.

Main substrate for energy production is GLUCOSE Glucose is obtain from:

digestion (human/animals)
photosynthesis (plants)

RESPIRATION

EXTERNAL
RESPIRATION (Breathing)

INTERNAL
RESPIRATION (Cellular Respiration)

AEROBIC
RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION

BREATHING
Gaseous

exchange

Involves

2 mechanical processes: inhalation (O2 cells) exhalation (CO2 atmosphere)

Takes place in most organisms Requires the presence of oxygen Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy (2898kJ) Catalysed by enzymes Glucose partially broken down in cytoplasm Complete oxidation takes place in mitocondria ADP + phosphate + energy ATP

Takes place in e.g. human/animal muscles yeast

breaking down of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce

lactic acid

ethanol + CO2

+ energy

OXIDATION incomplete, less energy per molecules of glucose

Respiration Anaerobic in Human Muscles

Vigorous exercises O2 demand > supply Anaerobic respiration takes place Glucose lactic acid +energy (150kJ) 2ADP + 2P + energy 2ATP O2 DEBT in muscles (lactic acid)

Lungs - Deep & rapid breathing to REPAY OXYGEN DEBT Liver (lactic acid is transported from muscle) - 1/6 lactic acid oxidised to produce energy - energy convert 5/6 lactic acid back to glucose Muscles - Glucose returns - excess glucose glycogen (liver)

Oxygen consumption during exercise

Respiration Anaerobic in Yeast

Yeast - Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration FERMENTATION Glucose ethanol + CO2 + energy zymase (210kJ) Ethanol alcholic drinks CO2 fluffy texture of bread

Comparison between
Aerobic Respiration & Anaerobic Respiration

Similarities Differences

Both are cellular respiration Glucose as source of energy Energy store in ATP molecules Occur in plants and animals Catalysed by enzymes

Carried out by
Use of oxygen Oxidation of glucose Product of respiration

Amount of energy released

Number of ATP for each molecules of glucose produced Location of reaction

Almost all living things

Oxygen is used Complete Carbon dioxide, water & energy

Carried out by
Use of oxygen Oxidation of glucose Product of respiration

Some plants, animals cells, yeast & bacteria

Oxygen is not used Incomplete Ethanol, carbon dioxide & energy (yeast) or lactic acid & energy (muscles) Small amount (muscle 150 kJ, yeast 210 kJ)

Large amount (2898kJ) 38 molecules of ATP

Amount of energy released

Number of ATP for each 2 molecules of ATP molecules of glucose produced Location of reaction Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm & mitochondria

GROUP WORK
1& 2: Make a flow chart from what you have learnt

3: 4,5,6:

Explain the graph of oxygen consumption during exercise Plan an experiment based on the figure below

Group 4:
Group 5:

The format of the report

Aim Problem statement Hypothesis Variables

Materials
Apparatus

Group 6:

Procedure
Results Conclusion