Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Shubhajit Basak(Roll no.11) Saumik Bhattyacharya(Roll no.17) Debraj Biswas( Roll no.20)
B.P.P.I.M.T
The Sun
Diameter: 1.39E9 m (120 x greater than earth) Distance from earth = 1.495E11 m (93 million miles) 1.7% Center: Density 100 x density of water and T>1E6 K Powered by hydrogen fusion Composed of layers. The outer layer is the photosphere Effective blackbody temperature of 5777 K
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Activity
Human Vehicle, Waste product etc
Fossil fuels Deforestation and forest firing
At present so many alternative fuels have been developed, still they are able to meet only a small proportion of our actual demand - The right fuel mix
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Solar Radiation
Solar Radiation Components Ultra-Violet (200nm to 400nm) 8.7% Visible (400nm to 700nm) 36.2% Infra-red (700nm to 2500nm) 53.1%
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HISTORICAL MILESTONES
1838 - Edmund Becquerel observed materials which turn light into energy 1876 - 78 - William Adams, wrote the first book about Solar Energy called: A Substitute for Fuel in Tropical Countries and was able to power a 2.5 horsepower steam engine 1860- Auguste Mouchout, used direct conversion of solar radiation into mechanical power. 1895 - Aubrey Eneas formed the first Solar Energy company 1904 - Henry Willsie built 2 huge plants in California to store generated power. He was the first to successfully use power at night after generating it during the day
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HISTORICAL MILESTONES
1954 -Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson and Daryl Chaplin of Bell Laboratories discovered the use of silicon as a semi-conductor, which led to the construction of a solar panel with an efficiency rate of 6%. 1956 -The first commercial solar cell was made available to the public at a very expensive $300 per watt 1958- Vanguard I the first satellite was launched that used solar energy to generate electricity. 1970- The Energy Crisis ! (OPEC oil embargo) Solar energy history was made as the price of solar cells dropped dramatically to about $20 per watt.
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2) Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, which allow them to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect.
3) An array of solar panels converts solar energy into DC (direct current) electricity.
4) The DC electricity enters an inverter.
5) The inverter turns DC electricity into 120-volt AC (alternating current) 6) The AC power enters the utility panel in the house. 7) The electricity (load) is then distributed to appliances or lights in the house.
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10) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form the grid when not enough solar energy is produced
11) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid is measured by a utility meter, which spins backwards (when you are producing more energy that you need) and forward (when you require additional electricity from the utility company). The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for the additional energy you use from the utility company. This system is referred to as "netmetering".
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Systems
Community lighting systems
Portable solar lanterns Street lights
Capacity
1KW to 2.5 KW
10Wp SPV module 75Wp SPV module
Uses
Small household lighting system
lighting 7 W CFL lamp for 3 hours a day Charging 100-130AH battery to run a 11W CFL lamp for dusk to dawn operation powering two CFLs -- 9 or 11W , work 4-5 hours /day, run a small TV set or a fan shallow pumping
Water Pumping
1KW DC motor
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FINAL VERDICT
A 1-kilowatt home solar system will prevent approximately 170 lbs. of coal from being burned, 300 lbs of CO2 from being released into the atmosphere and 105 gallons of water from being consumed each month!
Tools For Adoption & Acceleration Solar Energy Collector
Create Incentives
Feed-in tariffs Net metering Rebates Consumer tax deductions Production Tax credits
Solar Dish
Invest in R&D
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Thank You