Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 17

Electric Arc Welding

Section 8 Unit 25 & 26

Joints, Welds & Positions


Electric arc welding uses the same five (5) types of joints and five (5) types of welds and five (5) positions. Five (5) joints:

Corner

Butt Lap Edge T

Joints, Welds & Positions Five types of welds


1. Surface 2. Groove 3. Fillet 4. Plug 5. Slot

1. Surface Welds
Surface welds are welds were a material has been applied to the surface of another material. May or may not be blended with the work piece.

Two common applications are for hard surfacing and padding.

2. Groove Welds
Groove welds are used to fuse the sides or ends of two pieces of metal. The primary use of groove welds is to complete butt joints.

3. Fillet Welds
Fillet welds have a triangular cross section and are used to fuse two faces of metal that are at a 90 degree angle to each other.

Lap Joint Outside Corner T Joint

4. Plug Welds
Plug welds are used to attach two surfaces together when a complete joint is not required and the design does not allow for any weld bead outside the dimensions of the metal.

The holes can be made with a drill bit or punch.


The weld is completed by establishing the arc on the bottom plate and then continuing to weld until the hole is full.

5. Slot Welds
Slot welds are identical to plug welds except for the shape of the holes. For slot welds, slots are machined or stamped in the upper plate.

They are complete the same as plug welds.

Joints, Welds & Positions Arc Welding Positions

Flat

Horizontal

Vertical Up

Vertical Down

Overhead
9

Weld Nomenclature

Penetration

Bead

Base metal Joint Angle Reinforcement Bead

Root Face Root Opening

Excessive Penetration
10

Weld Nomenclature-cont.

Reinforcement Toe Leg Face Throat

Toe

Root

Leg
11

Weld Nomenclature-cont.
In multiple pass welds, each pass has a specific function. Cover Pass Filler Pass Root Pass A tack weld is used to hold the joint at the desired gap.
If it is not used, the heat of the weld will cause the joint to close.

The root pass is used to fuse the root of the weld.


If the root pass does not have adequate penetration, it must be cut or gouged out before the weld is completed.

Tack Weld

The filler pass is used to fill in the joint.

A pattern bead or multiple stringer beads will be used. The cover pass isnt used for strength. It is used for appearance and to fill in surface voids.

12

Bead Patterns
Pattern beads are used whenever a wider bead is needed.
Hardsurfacing Filler pass Cover pass Reduce penetration

Common patterns:
Circle Crescent Figure 8

13

Weld Defects
A weld defect is any physical characteristic in the completed weld that reduces the strength and/or affects the appearance of the weld. The mark of a good welder is the ability to identify weld defects and adjust the welding parameters to eliminate them. Defects that are not visible must be detect by using destructive or nondestructive testing. If the defects in a weld exceed the specifications, the weld must be removed and redone. Welds are removed by grinding, gouging and cutting. Eliminating a weld defect is time consuming and expensive -you must be able to complete the weld correctly the first time.

14

Common Defects and Causes Description


The depth of the weld is less than specifications. The weld metal is not completely fused to base metal or passes are not completely fused.

Cause(s)
Excessive heat Excessive speed.

Incorrect angle Incorrect manipulation Insufficient heat

Weld material flows over, but is not fused with the base metal.

Slow speed

15

Common Defects and Causes--cont. Description


Weld bead does not extend to the desired depth.

Cause(s)
Low heat Long arc Incorrect joint design

Small indentions in the surface of the weld Small voids throughout the weld material.

Excessive gas in the weld zone.


Moisture Rust Dirt

Accelerated cooling

16

Common Defects and Causes--cont. Description


Usually visible cracks on the surface or through the weld

Cause(s)
Accelerated cooling Constrained joint Small weld volume Induced hydrogen Incompatible electrode or wire Accelerated cooling

Cracks in the transition zone between the weld and base metal

Misshapen and/or uneven ripples

Inconstant speed Incorrect manipulation Incorrect welder settings


17

Вам также может понравиться