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Corner
1. Surface Welds
Surface welds are welds were a material has been applied to the surface of another material. May or may not be blended with the work piece.
2. Groove Welds
Groove welds are used to fuse the sides or ends of two pieces of metal. The primary use of groove welds is to complete butt joints.
3. Fillet Welds
Fillet welds have a triangular cross section and are used to fuse two faces of metal that are at a 90 degree angle to each other.
4. Plug Welds
Plug welds are used to attach two surfaces together when a complete joint is not required and the design does not allow for any weld bead outside the dimensions of the metal.
5. Slot Welds
Slot welds are identical to plug welds except for the shape of the holes. For slot welds, slots are machined or stamped in the upper plate.
Flat
Horizontal
Vertical Up
Vertical Down
Overhead
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Weld Nomenclature
Penetration
Bead
Excessive Penetration
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Weld Nomenclature-cont.
Toe
Root
Leg
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Weld Nomenclature-cont.
In multiple pass welds, each pass has a specific function. Cover Pass Filler Pass Root Pass A tack weld is used to hold the joint at the desired gap.
If it is not used, the heat of the weld will cause the joint to close.
Tack Weld
A pattern bead or multiple stringer beads will be used. The cover pass isnt used for strength. It is used for appearance and to fill in surface voids.
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Bead Patterns
Pattern beads are used whenever a wider bead is needed.
Hardsurfacing Filler pass Cover pass Reduce penetration
Common patterns:
Circle Crescent Figure 8
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Weld Defects
A weld defect is any physical characteristic in the completed weld that reduces the strength and/or affects the appearance of the weld. The mark of a good welder is the ability to identify weld defects and adjust the welding parameters to eliminate them. Defects that are not visible must be detect by using destructive or nondestructive testing. If the defects in a weld exceed the specifications, the weld must be removed and redone. Welds are removed by grinding, gouging and cutting. Eliminating a weld defect is time consuming and expensive -you must be able to complete the weld correctly the first time.
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Cause(s)
Excessive heat Excessive speed.
Weld material flows over, but is not fused with the base metal.
Slow speed
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Cause(s)
Low heat Long arc Incorrect joint design
Small indentions in the surface of the weld Small voids throughout the weld material.
Accelerated cooling
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Cause(s)
Accelerated cooling Constrained joint Small weld volume Induced hydrogen Incompatible electrode or wire Accelerated cooling
Cracks in the transition zone between the weld and base metal