Digital Fundamentals

CHAPTER 2
Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Slide 1
 Logic Gates

• Inverter
• AND Gate
• OR Gate
• Exclusive-OR Gate
• NAND Gate
• NOR Gate
• Exclusive-NOR Gate

Slide 2
2.1 The Inverter

Truth table Boolean expression

0 = LOW
Pulsed waveforms
1 = HIGH

The output of an inverter is always the

complement (opposite) of the input.

Slide 3
2.2 The AND Gate

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of an AND gate is HIGH only

when all inputs are HIGH.

Slide 4
2.2 The AND Gate (cont….)

3-Input AND Gate

4-Input AND Gate

Slide 5
2.3 The OR Gate (cont….)

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of an OR gate is HIGH

whenever one or more inputs are HIGH

Slide 6
2.3 The OR Gate (cont….)

3-Input OR Gate

4-Input OR Gate

Slide 7
2.4 The NAND Gate

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of a NAND gate is HIGH

whenever one or more inputs are LOW.

Slide 8
2.4 The NAND Gate (cont….)

3-Input NAND Gate 4-Input NAND Gate

Slide 9
2.5 The NOR Gate (cont….)

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of a NOR gate is LOW

whenever one or more inputs are HIGH.

Slide 10
2.5 The NOR Gate (cont….)

3-Input NOR Gate 4-Input NOR Gate

Slide 11
2.6 Exclusive-OR Gate

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of an XOR gate is HIGH

whenever the two inputs are different.

Slide 12
2.7 Exclusive-NOR Gate

Boolean expression

Truth table
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
Pulsed waveforms

The output of an XNOR gate is HIGH

whenever the two inputs are identical.

Slide 13