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By,
Divya P S Harish S
Cogeneration ?
What is
Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
All thermal power plants emit a certain amount of heat during electricity generation.
By contrast, CHP captures some or all of the byproduct heat for heating purposes, either very close to the plant, or hot water for district heating with
By-product heat at moderate temperatures (212356F/100-180C) can also be used in absorption chillers for cooling. A plant producing electricity, heat and cold is sometimes called trigeneration or more generally
polygeneration plant.
Sugarcane is an Energy Crop and contains about 4500 MJ energy per ton cane in which about 1800 MJ is lost in the boiler flue gas and about 750 MJ heat energy is
Agro-waste and agro industrial products have today been recognized as modern bio-mass material which can be converted directly into useful forms
of energy.
Bio-mass has the crucial advantage of being environment friendly.
The energy requirements in a sugar mill are in the form of steam for process heating/turbo drives and electricity for running various drives.
The sugar industry has the unique advantage of utilizing a captive fuelbagasse, to meet its energy requirements.
However, depending upon various factors like fibre content in the cane, quantity of juice, type of clarification process and evaporation effects, type of
prime movers (steam driven or electric driven) etc., some sugar mills
produce a small quantity of surplus bagasse while others are deficient by a small quantity.
These mills, therefore, have to depend in a very limited way on external fuels like fuel oil, coal etc. to supplement their energy requirements.
Likewise, some sugar mills during the season can produce a little surplus power
while others would be deficient in power by a small margin and hence the dependence on grid power is minimal.
The major reason for the high energy consumption in the industry is the presence
of large number of old small capacity sugar mills which have not invested much over
the years in modernizing or upgrading various process equipment. Apart from improving the end use efficiency in the plants, the other most promising energy conservation measure for the industry is to set up high-pressure cogeneration systems.
References
http://eeii.org.in/index.php?option=content&task=viewtheme&sid=72&Itemid=43 http://www.tesplcogen.com/cogeneration-systems-for-sugar-industry.html http://www.winrock.org/Clean_Energy/files/Advancing_cogeneration.pdf http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/773/1/JSIR%2067%283%29%20%282008%29% 20239-242.pdf http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/SGSUKL1200599187.35/ReviewInitialComments/0EHRTI99IZO2F5EQWTHOTGXDFEKW14 http://www.princeton.edu/pei/energy/publications/texts/International-Sugar-Journal.pdf http://www.indiansugar.com/Cogeneration.aspx http://www.indiansugar.com/PDFS/Cogenerators.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org