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Defenition
The chemical messenger that is released from the axon terminal of a neuron, in response to an action potential, & influences another neuron or an effector with which the neuron is anatomically linked.
Criteria for identification a neurotransmitter 1. Must be synthesized in neuron from which released 2. Must be stored in neuron from which it is released 3. Must be released from terminal of these neurons 4. When applied exogenously, must mimic action of natural neurotransmitter
3. Amino Acids : glycine, glutamate, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) 4. Neuropeptides : enkephalin, endorphins, substance P 5. Other : Purines (Adenosin,AMP,ATP) ; gases (NO, CO).
Classification by function
A. Based on effects
excitatory cause depolarization inhibitory cause hyperpolarization either ; depends on postsynaptic membrane receptors
slower, longer-lasting effects binding of Nts with receptor activates G protein in membrane works through cyclic AMP (cAMP) to: regulate ion channels (open or close) activate kinase enzymes within cytoplasm (activate proteins in cytoplasm)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Catecholamines