Evaluation of HAP/TiO2 Coatings on 316L SS forTissue Replacements

Overview
Objective of this project Introduction
1) HAP 2) Titania

Synthesis Methods
1) HAP 2) Titania 3) HAP/Titania Composite

Characterization References

OBJECTIVE
Synthesis and characterization of different compositions of HAP/TiO2 nanocomposite powders. Development and characterization of HAP/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings on 316L SS through suitable method. Studies on the in vitro biological activity of the coatings. Mechanical evaluation of the coatings for its suitability in the application of hard tissue replacements.

Introduction
Bone is the main supporting system in the human body. It provides excellent
tensile strength, loading strength, stiffness and elasticity.

1. Bone

Bone Matrix
65% 35%

35% Organic material 65% Inorganic materials

Scaffold

Generally bone can form and repair by itself. But when the bone repair mechanism fails as a result of infection or other causes. a possible solution for these problems may be in Bone Tissue engineering.

Cells

Growth Factor

Tissue Engineer ing

Three requirements in Bone Tissue Engineering

2. Scaffold
Scaffold is a material which should provide mechanical support, shape, and cell-scale architecture for tissue construction in vitro or in vivo. Examples Hydroxyapatite PLGA Gelatin Chitosan

Why Hydroxyapatite?
Chemical similarity between Hap and mineralized bone of human tissue.
Biodegradable Interconnected porosity Biocompatible Handleablity Osteoconductive or osteoinductive Cheap

Hydroxyapatite gel

Drawbacks in HAP
PROPERTIES BONE SYNTHETIC HAP

Tensile Strength
Compressive Strength

124-174 MPa
170-193 MPa

40-100 MPa
100-900 MPa

Bending Strength
Youngs Modulus

160 MPa
17-18.91 GPa 2-12MPa/m1/2

20-80 MPa
70-120 GPa 1 MPa/m1/2

Fracture Toughness

Many reinforcements, including particles, platelets, whiskers, long fibers, metal dispersions, and nanoparticles have been used in HAP ceramics to improve their mechanical strength.

3.Titania
Titanium dioxide or Titania (TiO2) occurs naturally within the soils of the Earth. There are two main forms of titania, rutile and anatase. Rutile titanium dioxide is the most common and stable form. Anatase which becomes a rutile when it is exposed at above 915oC. Properties:- It has good
Osteoblast adhesion property, high cohesive strength and it can induce cell growth .
Mechanical Properties
Compressive Strength 680 MPa

Fracture Toughness Modulus of Elasticity Microhardness

3.2 MPa.m-1/2 230 GPa 880

NB:- According to statistics, it is also one of the top 50 chemicals being produced worldwide

Experimental Methods
There are several synthesis techniques have been reported to synthesis HAP/TiO2. Different synthesis techniques are: Solgel method, Hydrothermal method , Microwave hydrothermal method Wet Chemical Precipitation method.

Precursors used:Ca : Ca(NO3)2,4H2O (Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate ) PO4 : NH4H2PO4(Ammonium Di Hydrogen phosphate) Ti : C12H28O4Ti (Titanium (IV) isopropoxide)

1. Synthesis of HAP(precipitation method)

Ca(NO3)2,4H2O Solution + NH4H2PO4 Solution Turbid solution Turbid solution+ NH4OH (conc.) [pH 10] Formation of white precipitate Settle down of precipitate Precipitate dried at 120oC over night

Crushing into fine powder and calcined at different Temperature

HAP Powder

2. Synthesis of Titania(precipitation method)

Titanium(IV) isopropoxide + Ethanol Adding Small amount of water Adding of NH4OH (conc.) [pH 10] Formation of white precipitate Settle down of precipitate Precipitate dried at 120oC over night Crushing into fine powder and calcined at different temperature Calcinated Powder

3. Synthesis of HAP/TiO2 composite

Ca(NO3)2,4H2O Solution + NH4H2PO4 Solution Turbid solution

TiO2 Precursor Solution added

Added NH4OH (conc.) Formation of white precipitate Settle down of precipitate Precipitate dried at 120oC over night Crushing into fine powder and calcined at different temperature Calcinated HAP Powder

Characterization Techniques
To study the changes occurred after compositions by different characterization method involving XRD analysis, FT-IR analysis, TGA analysis, XRF analysis, and the surface morphology by SEM.

References
1. Kannan S, Vieira SI, Olhero SM, Torres PMC, Pina S, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Ferreira JMF.Synthesis, mechanical and biological characterization of ionic doped carbonated hydroxyapatite/-tricalcium phosphate mixtures. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 7 (2011) 1835-1843 2. R. Quan, D. Yang, X. Wu, H. Wang, X. Miao, W. Li, In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of graded hydroxyapatite-zirconia composite bioceramic, Material Science. Materials in Medicine 19 (2008) 183187. 3. W. Xu, W.Y. Hu, M.H. Li, C. Wen, Solgel derived hydroxyapatite/titania biocoatings on titanium substrate, Materials Letters 60 (2006) 15751578. 4. H. Anmin, L. Tong, L. Ming, C. Chengkang, L. Huiqin, M. Dali, Preparation of nanocrystals hydroxyapatite/TiO2 compound by hydrothermal treatment, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 63 (2006) 4144. 5. S.J. Kim, S.D. Park, Y.H. Jeong, Homogeneous precipitation of TiO2 ultrafine powders from Aqueous TiOCl2 solution, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999) 927932. 6. S. Nath, R. Tripathi, B. Basu, Understanding phase stability, microstructure development and biocompatibility in calcium phosphatetitania composites, synthesized from hydroxyapatite and titanium powder mix, Materials Science and Engineering C 29 (2009) 97107

Thank U