MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Contents

Introduction; Need; Abstract Coursework

Evolution
A View On Famous Works Modern Techniques Mechanical Miracles

Introduction

What is mechanical engineering

Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.

Introduction

What Is The Need Of It ?

Actually no field can sustain without mechanical help. design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.

Introduction
Abstract coursework
Mechanics basic mechanics mechanics of materials or solid mechanics Fluid mechanics Thermal science

thermodynamics Heat & mass transfer energy conversion RAC HVAC

Designing engineering drawing machine drawing machine design CAD Production sciences material science metallurgy production technology CAM

Evolution
Mechanical engineering dates back to the times of the great pyramids(3000-2500 b.c.) In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC212 BC) and Heron of Alexandria (c. 1070 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition. In China, Zhang Heng (78139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears. Al Jaziri wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices" in 1206 presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechaincal devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and cam shafts.

Evolution
Till 18th century many developments took place in this field..& then in the late 18th century and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. This was called the industrial revolution. The subsequently spread through Europe, America and then in the whole world. This revolution led to the development of machine tools and technology. Today Currently, there are 1,346 engineering colleges in India approved by the All India Council of Technical Education with a seat capacity of 4,40,000. B.E., B.Sc., B.Tech., B.A.Sc .

A View On Famous Works

Archimedes Archimedes' Screw, Principle of Buoyancy.

Ban Ms brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan Ibn Bassal Flywheel, Flywheel-Driven Chain Pump.
Al-Jazari crankshaft, connecting rod, crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock, weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism, combination lock, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting, molding sand, intermittency, linkage. Cornelis Corneliszoon Sawmill. Lagari Hasan elebi Manned Rocket, Artificially-Powered Aircraft, Rocket Aircraft.

A View On Famous Works

Thomas Shavey Steam Engine. James Watt Improved Steam Engine. Henry Maudslay Screw-Cutting lathe, Bench Micrometer. George Cayley Glider, Tension-Spoke Wheels, Caterpillar Track. George Stephenson Steam Locomotive. Benot Fourneyron Water Turbine.

William George Armstrong Hydraulic Crane.

Richard J. Gatling Wheat Drill, First Successful Machine Gun.

A View On Famous Works

Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol Steam Powered Submarine. Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi Geared Mechanical Clock, Segmental Gear, Epicyclic Gearing. James Henry Greathead Tunnel Boring Machine, Tunnelling Shield Technique. Karl Benz Petrol-Powered Automobile. Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine. John Moses Browning Automatic handgun. Donat Banki Carburetor. Carl Edvard Johansson Gauge Blocks .

Modern Techniques
Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes.
CAE includes the following : Computer Aided Design (CAD) Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Modern Techniques
Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to aid in the design and particularly the drafting (technical drawing and engineering drawing) of a part or product, including entire buildings. It is both a visual (or drawing) and symbol-based method of communication whose conventions are particular to a specific technical field. Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D"). Drafting is the communication of technical or engineering drawings and is the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical endeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in twodimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by three projected views at right angles.

Modern Techniques

Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data, processes and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprise. Within PLM there are four primary areas; Product and Portfolio Management (PPM) Product Design Manufacturing Process Management (MPM) Product Data Management (PDM)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Modern Techniques

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

The Finite Element Method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as Finite Element Analysis) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's method, Runge-Kutta, etc.

Modern Techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering. Even with high-speed supercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in many cases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using a wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight test.

Modern Techniques
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computerbased software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical models using CAD programs. CAM creates real life versions of components designed within a software package. Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC) programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models of components generated in CAD software are used to generate CNC code to drive numerically controlled machine tools. Although this remains the most common CAM function, CAM functions have expanded to integrate CAM more fully with CAD/CAM/CAE PLM solutions.

Modern Techniques
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines. MDO allows designers to incorporate all relevant disciplines simultaneously. The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found by optimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactions between the disciplines. However, including all disciplines simultaneously significantly increases the complexity of the problem. These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, computers, and electricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications have been in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraft design.

Mechanical Miracles

1.Wind Farm in middle of ocean

20 km from the coast of Denmark, you will find Horns Rev, the biggest wind farm in the world. 80 turbines 110 m tall, capable of 160 MW

The fins are 30 m long.

2.Fantasy road that for part of the time

Arctic highway

The highway between Tibbitt and Contwoyto in Canada. Most dangerous road in the world. It is over 500km long and consist of 85% frozen lakes. The ice can break at any time.

This road can only operate come into effect during the coldest months of the year. When the ice becomes strong enough every year the road is made.

Here is a series of truck on the ice each 70 ons.

Some people try and push their luck at the end of the season but in the end nature has the final say.

3. Colossus of the sea.

The biggest ship in the world

Used for the heaviest, and biggest of things needing transport

Oil Rigs transported off-shore

Oil refinery

a whole Military Radar

How it can be loaded at sea; It sinks under the water

And then it raises itself!!

SIMPLE ,isntit?

The ships park on top

4.Modern ways to control water.

The bridge Magdeburg (Germany) you need to look at it a number of times to understand what is actually happening.

Its a bridge that goes over the Elba river. It allows boats easy access into canals. It cost more than 500 million Euros and took 6 years to build

5.The tallest skyscraper in the world

Burj Tower

This is a virtual model of the Burj Tower In 2008, it became the tallest is the world.

My friends... We are seeing the city with the biggest growing rate in the world...

15% of the large towers being built in the world are in Dubai... Can you imagine the problem in operating these cranes

This is the beginning....

From another angle

6.TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)

Large pits are dug to insert the machine Hydraulic jacks support the machine

INSIDE VIEW

Its major contribution is in The Chicago railways network. (in USA) The Channel Tunnel b/w London & Paris. The Delhi Metro.

Thanks..