4.

Function in Architecture
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings
Every building is designed to give services
Hospital where patients will be treated Court House where you find justice Theater where you see a play Hotel- where you recreate Church ( Mosque) where you practice your religion School where you learn

House where you live

The serviceability & usability of any building and its designFUNCTION

Function in Architecture (cont)

What do you feel, when you see this building?

Function in Architecture (cont)

In addition to giving services, a building affects our feelings
When you enter in some buildings, you will be excited When you are in some building, you will be depressed When you see some buildings, you will be amused When you look some buildings, you will say what a piece of art When you are in some buildings, you may be sober When you enter in some buildings, you feel relaxed

The emotional and the feeling aspect of a BUILDING or

its ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - AESTHETICS

Function in Architecture (cont)

A building is designed to be erected or constructed, hence
It should house its occupants and furniture LIVE LOAD

It should support its own weight- DEAD LOAD

It should resist wind load- WIND FORCE It should withstand against EARCH QUICK FORCE

It should be strong enough against FLOODS

It should resist other NATURAL and ARTIFICIAL FORCES

The erectibility and constructability of a BUILDING or its ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - STRENGTH

Function in Architecture (cont)

Hence Architecture or Building Design is all about

FUNCTION - serviceability of

AESTHETICS - emotional aspect of

STRENGTH erectibility of

B U I L D I N G

Function in Architecture (cont) Form vs Space

A building will be designed to give services To give this services, it should accommodate
People Furniture and Fixtures

Equipments

To do so, it should be void The difference b/n building and sculptor

Building is void and accessible by people

Sculptor is solid

Function in Architecture (cont)

The void part of a building - SPACE
Through which we enter, circulate, wonder and undertake different activities

The envelop or outer part of a building - FORM

Which we see, look, observe and admire

FORM is the envelop of SPACE

FORM is exterior, where as SPACE is interior of the building FORM differentiate out side and inside

SPACE is volume of hollow solid

Both SPACE and FORM have Function & Aesthetics

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Form

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Form (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Form
(cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Form (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Form (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Example of Space (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Functional Aspects or Parameters of a space of a Building
1. Enclosure

2.
3. 4.

Approach & Entry

Circulation Light

5.
6. 7. 8.

Comfort
Size Shape Adjacency & Sequence

Function in Architecture (cont)

1. Enclosure
A building houses different activities

Some activities need differentiation

Sleeping and Living activities

Spaces for these activities should

be divided by
walls, floors and ceilings

Building Components to divide spaces

are called Space Defining Elements

FORM is enclosure of interior space FORM protects the interior of a building from weather

Function in Architecture (cont)

2. Approach and Entry
To undertake different activities in a FRONTAL

building we should approach and access it

The process of being near a building is APPROACH DIAGONAL

Types of Approach
Frontal: emphasis

front view ROUND

Diagonal: shows effects of perspective Round: emphasis form of building

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)

Frontal Approach

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)

Diagonal Approach

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)
The gate that allows you to enter in to a building or rooms of a building is called Entry (Entrance) Entry to a building should be emphasized and easy to identify Types of Entry
Flush:

on the wall

Projected: coming out from the wall Recessed: coming into the interior

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)
Projected Entry

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)
Recessed Entry

Function in Architecture (cont)

Approach and Entry (cont)
Flush Entry

Function in Architecture (cont)

3. Circulation
We need to be able to reach furniture, equipment and other facilities to perform some tasks.

A process of wondering through a space of a building - Circulation

Types of Circulation
Circulation within

a room: interior space

Horizontal circulation from one room to another: corridor Vertical Circulation from one floor to another: Stair, Elevator, Ramp Circulation should be
easy

to identify

comfortable to move through sizable enough to allow people and furniture to pass

Function in Architecture (cont)

Circulation (cont)
Forms of Circulation Enclosed Open one side Open on both sides

Function in Architecture (cont)

Circulation (cont)
Enclosed circulation No spatial & visual flow

Function in Architecture (cont)

Circulation (cont )
Open one side circulation spatial and visual flow on one side

Function in Architecture (cont)

Circulation (cont
Open two side circulation Visual & spatial flow on two sides Eg- ECSC

Function in Architecture (cont)

4. Light
To undertake different activities in rooms, we need light Light also affects the feeling that we feel in a room

Sources of Light
Artificial Light:

costly, unfriendly and controlled

Natural Light: no cost, friendly and reliable

Combined: good distribution of light

Natural Light Sources in Building
- Window

- Sky Light -Glass Curtain Wall -Open Down

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source
1. Artificial Light Source controlled different color

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source
Artificial Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source
Artificial Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
2. Natural Light Source
Natural Light: illuminate with good intensity up to 6m

uncontrolled uni color psychologically good provide view enlarge room

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
Natural Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
Natural Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
3. Combined Light Source

controlled

colorful & evenly distributed

psychologically good provide view enlarge room

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
Combined Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Light Source(cont)
Combined Light Source (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source 1.Windows
light

provide view
enlarge room

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source
Windows (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source
Windows (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source
Windows (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source
Windows (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
light

2. Sky Light

good distribution of light no view increase height

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Sky Light (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Sky Light (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Sky Light (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
3. Open Down

light no view Ventilation

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Open Down (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
4. Glass Curtain Wall
light provide view enlarge room spatial continuity

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Glass Curtain Wall (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Glass Curtain Wall (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Natural Light Source(cont)
Glass Curtain Wall (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

5. Comfort
Ventilation
A room should have the appropriate temperature & air to feel the occupants comfort This can be done by replacing existing hot air by fresh air This process is called ventilation

Two kinds of Ventilation

Artificial Ventilation Natural Ventilation

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort
Purpose of Ventilation
At normal condition an adult inhale b/n 0.10 to 0.12 liters air/second exhale CO2 of 0.003 to 0.005 liters / second generate heat of 100 Watts sensible and 40 watts latent produce vapour of 59g of water vapour per hour Main Objective of Ventilation (Three)
1. 2.

to supply oxygen to create air movement

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort
Main Objective of Ventilation ( cont)
3. To remove unnecessary air components
carbon water

dioxide

vapor and moister

heat and smell gas and vapor from industry products out door pollutants like dust and smoke

Indoor pollutants like dust from carpet

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort (cont)
Artificial Ventilation
By fans using electricity It is costly Common USA & Europe

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort (cont)
Natural Ventilation
By using natural flow of air It is less costly Common in Africa, Asia and Latin America habitable room requires one or more ventilation openings,
the total area not be less than 1/20 of the floor area of the room

the opening must be more than 0.9 metres above floor level

Natural Ventilation design should consider

To supply fresh air for the occupants

To change the air in the room sufficiently

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort (cont)
A. Cross Ventilation
By using natural flow of air It is less costly

Function in Architecture (cont)

Comfort (cont)
B. Stack Effect Ventilation
Air moves when temperature and density difference exists Hot air is less dense and it rises Cold air is dense and replace the position of hot air

Function in Architecture (cont)

6. Size
Diff. activities take place in spaces
In addition to the activities, the space should be big enough to house
Users Furniture & Fixtures Equipment Vehicles Internal Circulation

Spatial Functionality Criteria related with size

Proportion Users, Furniture, Fixture and Equipment Accommodation Circulation Provision

Function in Architecture (cont)

Size (cont)
Eg.

Bath Room Size Determination & Design for Fixtures

Space

Function in Architecture (cont)

Size (cont)
Bath Room (cont)
Space

for Activities

Function in Architecture (cont)

Size (cont)
Bath Room (cont)
Area

Determination

Function in Architecture (cont)

Size (cont)

Bath Room (cont)

Final Design

Function in Architecture (cont)

6. Shape
A room or space needs to have the appropriate shape to
provide the

required function

accommodate the necessary furniture avoid wastage of space house enough and clear circulation

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape ( cont)
A. Rectangular Spaces
Easy

to accommodate furniture

Less wastage of space Flexible

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape ( cont)
Rectangular Spaces (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape ( cont)
B. Triangular & Angular Spaces
Difficult to

accommodate furniture

High wastage of space Less Flexible Difficult to circulate

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape ( cont)
Triangular & Angular Spaces (cont)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape ( cont)
C. Curved Spaces
Difficult to

accommodate furniture

Need Special Furniture Less Flexible

Function in Architecture (cont)

Shape (cont)
St

Function in Architecture (cont)

7. Adjacency and Sequence (cont)
Spaces which have related functions should be side by side
Spaces which have incompatible functions should be far to each others Public spaces should be at front Private spaces should be at back Spaces, that need view, should be oriented to view Spaces, that dont need noise, should be far from noises Spaces should be also orient based on solar orientation

Entrances should be clear and visible (emphasis)

Function in Architecture (cont)

Adjacency and Sequence(cont)
Private Spaces should be away from Frontage & Noise Every room should be Accessible from corridor Stair case should be visible from lobby Entrance should be at front Public Spaces should be near entrance Service Spaces should be at back

Function in Architecture (cont)

Adjacency and Sequence(cont)
Kitchens & Dining Room are Related

Maid Room & Kitchen are Related

Entranced & Garage are Related

Entrance, Living Rm & Stair are Related

Function in Architecture (cont)

Adjacency and Sequence(cont)
Bath Rm & Bed Rm are Related

Bed Rm & Dressing Rm are related

Function in Architecture (cont)

Adjacency and Sequence(cont)

Function Ends

Space Follows
Next Classes
Bubble & Zone Diagram Consultation