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Do you have a problem getting your kids to school without a fight? Is it a struggle to get your child to sit at the dinner table? Does your child have challenges transitioning from a preferred activity to another activity.
Purpose
Identify possible functions of behavior (all behavior occurs for a reason not because the child wants to annoy you!) Identify potential strategies that you can implement Understand which strategies will work best with certain functions. Know your self control plan
Before we start.
Patience and consistency is key Team effort equals more effectiveness Understanding your limits and how to handle it Behavior change takes time The Oops (human) moments!
Be a Conditioned Reinforcer
CATCH YOUR CHILD DOING GOOD Build up/Schedule in times for just playing with your kids on their terms. Quality means more (not enough time) Game nights/ story time/ crafts, etc Buy into what your kids are doing/ get excited about their interests
your limits (What really sets you off? You should know this because your kids do!) What strategies do you use for yourself? Take time for you Grief and counseling
(combination of behaviors) Property destruction Hitting, kicking, biting, etc Self-injurious behaviors
Prioritize
Take a moment to write down the problem behaviors that you deal with Then prioritize ones to address first
Start small to build up your success and momentum. Hold off on going to tackle the big behavior until you feel confident and have built some success
Your child is not engaging in the behavior to annoy you. Listen (its the best way they can get heard) Cope with Frustrations Cant express feelings It works
need to figure out the reason for a behavior before deciding on a strategy to change the behavior If a behavior is occurring it is because it is being reinforced!
What is Reinforcement?
Reinforcement is ANYTHING that increases a behavior Reinforcement can be getting good things (e.g. attention, food, toys) Reprimands and negative attention can sometimes be reinforcers for kids Reinforcement can be getting rid of bad things (e.g. demands, bedtimes, putting on shoes)
Reinforcement
Both good and bad Behaviors are Strengthened by Reinforcement
Changing Behavior
Behaviors occur in context To understand Why we must answer:
the starting line? Baseline information Is the intervention working? Know if the plan is working
Antecedent: Setting, context, who, where, when, triggers, signal, environment, context Behavior: focus on observable and target responses rather than making assumptions about thoughts and feelings Consequences: the events that immediately follow the behavior
ABC Examples
Antecedent
Time for bed
Behavior
Screams & drops to floor
Consequence
Parent holds & kisses child
Turned TV off
2 items shown Touches one of Item given What do you the items want?
Your turn
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Antecedents
Control
behaviors The following are setting events/Triggers Internal event: health, sleep, pain, medication External Events: who, what, where, when Cognitive Ability
Antecedent Examples
Common
ones
Going to the grocery store Switching from one activity to another Bedtime Morning routine Meal time
Consequences
1. increase or maintain the likelihood of a behavior
Now what.
Analyze
antecedents and consequences and how your behavior fits in We can change behavior by:
Changing antecedents Manipulating consequences Choose strategies based on WHY the behavior is occurring not for the behavior itself.
Possible Functions
Behavior
Escape Demand
Seek Attention
Sensory Related
Lets Analyze
Antecedent
Time for bed
Behavior
Screams & drops to floor
Consequence
Parent holds & kisses child
Turned TV off
2 items shown Touches one of Item given What do you the items want?
Changing Antecedents
Visual Schedule Choices: closed-ended versus open Count down/ Transition cues Teaching and practicing behaviors under ideal conditions Dress rehearsal/ role plays Trigger management/ emotional thermometer Timers Social stories
Spanking
Not as effective long term Side effects:
Person delivering punishments become aversive stimulus Intensity necessary is often ethically questionable Models inappropriate behavior when mad or frustrated
Just
Do It
Remember
If
you continue to see the behavior after a long period of time (3 weeks), then the strategy you are using may not be appropriate.
Pitfalls
We change antecedents so that you are maneuvering around the behavior problem instead of dealing with it directly Behavior chains What are you modeling
Melanie Machado, M.S., BCBA Leigh Price, M.S., BCBA Michelle Max, B.A., BCaBA