GRADE 11 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Representation of Data: Stem-andLeaf Diagrams

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram from raw data Make comparison between two sets of data by using stem-and-lead diagrams

Key terms:

Raw data
Stem-and-leaf diagram

A LEVEL MATHEMATICS - UNIT S1: PROBABILITY & STATISTICS 1 (PAPER 6)

1. Representation of data
select a suitable way of presenting raw statistical data, and discuss advantages and/or disadvantages that particular representations may have;

construct and interpret stem-and-leaf diagrams, box-and-whisker plots, histograms and cumulative frequency graphs;

PRESENTING RAW STATISTICAL DATA

Presenting Data

Stem-and-leaf diagrams

Histograms

Cumulative frequency graphs

Box-and-whisker plots (Chapter 3)

STEM-AND-LEAF DIAGRAMS
a simple way of showing a set of data graphically. formed by splitting each data value into two parts. The first part of the number forms the stem and the second part, took the leaf. Example : A group of 25 people part in a general

knowledge quiz. Their scores are recorded below 22, 47, 43, 38, 52, 45, 43, 29, 49, 35, 37, 48, 17, 61, 50, 48, 42, 34, 37, 40, 45, 57, 38, 54, 29
Each number naturally splits into 2 parts the tens digit and the units digit.

Do questions no 1 and 2 of Exercise 1A on page 8 No. 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 4 2 1 0 1 2 Key: 1 | 2 means 12 k.p.h 6 5 5 2 3 8 5 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 (2) (3) (7) (5) (2) (1)

It is sometimes necessary to split the contents of each leaf over two rows . Example : The times (in seconds) taken to run the 400m by 20 female competitors in the 2004 Olympic Games were: 50.2, 51.5, 50.2, 51.0, 50.5, 51.4, 51.3, 52.2, 50.0, 50.6, 52.0, 51.8, 51.6, 51.2, 51.9, 50.1, 49.9, 52.6, 51.4, 51.6.
49 | 9 means 49.9 secs

These values can be plotted in a stemand-leaf diagram:

When splitting rows, the top row should contain the digits 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Higher digits are put on the second row.

49
50 50 51 51 52 52

9
0 5 0 5 0 6 1 6 2 6 2 3 6 4 8 4 9 2 2

Stem-and-leaf diagrams can be used to compare two sets of data. The back-toback stem-and-leaf diagram shown below compares the height of 15 boys and 14 girls from a form group.
Girls 7 7 3 2 Key: 15 4 means 154 cm 14 Boys 2 15 4 4 5 0 16 1 3 3 6 8 0 17 0 2 3 5 18 2 4 19 0

9 4

5 0

A stem-and-leaf diagram comparing the heights of pupils in a form group

The diagram shows that the boys in the form group are typically taller than the girls. The heights of the boys are also more varied than the girls heights.

The number of minutes taken to complete an exercise was recorded for 15 boys and 15 girls in a class.

Boys: 16, 27, 28, 22, 34, 18, 11, 19, 27, 31, 27, 36, 22, 17, 29

Girls: 12, 23, 22, 17, 30, 16, 15, 14, 17, 37, 26, 24, 21, 12, 27

Show this information as a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram.