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definition
A conceptual framework is a written or visual presentation that: explains either graphically, or in narrative form, the main things to be studied the key factors, concepts or variables and the presumed relationship among them. (Miles and Huberman, 1994, P18) A conceptual framework is used in research to outline possible courses of action or to present a preferred approach to an idea or thought. (Wikipedia) A conceptual framework is a theoretical structure of assumptions, principles, and rules that holds together the ideas comprising a broad concept. (Business Dictionary)
Stimulus elicits response. New teaching method improves students academic performance.
The theoretical framework differs from the conceptual framework in terms of scope and describes a broader relationship between things. When stimulus is applied, response is expected. The conceptual framework is much more specific in defining this relationship. It specifies the different elements that will have to be explored in the investigation.
Could be likened to planning a shopping trip - which gaps to fill? - which shops to visit? - which items to buy? - how to maintain focus?
Where does the conceptual framework fit in quantitative research? (after R. Vaughan, Bournemouth University)
Research problem: Paradigm: Aims and objectives: Literature review: Conceptual framework: The issue of theoretical or practical interest. The philosophical assumptions about the nature of the world and how we understand it positivism. What we want to know and how the answer may be built up. A critical and evaluative review of the thoughts and experiences of others. Provides the structure/content for the whole study based on literature and personal experience Specific questions that require answers. Methodology, methods and analysis. Making sense of the results. Revisit conceptual framework.
Research questions: Data collection and analysis: Interpretation of the results: Evaluation of the research:
Where does the conceptual framework fit in qualitative research? (after R. Vaughan, Bournemouth University)
Research problem: Paradigm: Aims and objectives: Literature review: Research questions: Data collection and analysis: Interpretation of the results: Evaluation of the research: The issue of theoretical or practical interest. The philosophical assumptions about the nature of the world and how we understand it e.g. interpretivism. What we want to know and how the answer may be built up. A critical and evaluative review of the thoughts and experiences of others. Specific questions that require answers. Methodology, methods and analysis. Conceptual framework develops as participants views and issues are gathered and analysed.
personal experience
data Literature review: prior related theory concepts and relationships that are used to represent the world, what is happening and why. prior related research how people have tackled similar problems and what they have learned. other theory and research - approaches, lines of investigation and theory that are not obviously relevant/previously used.
Graphic forms
Flow charts Tree diagrams
Shape based diagrams triangles, concentric circles, overlapping circles Mind maps
Spider diagrams
Influenced by the experience and knowledge of the individual initial bias. Once developed will influence the researchers thinking and may result in some things being given prominence and others being ignored ongoing bias.
Solution: revisit conceptual framework, particularly at the end when evaluating your work.