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System Software
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Introduction
Windows95, W98, XP, Vista, W7? Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard? Froyo, Eclair, Donut, Cupcake, Gingerbread, Honeycomb Ice, Cream Sandwich Which one is yours? Operating System software # Applications software?
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Introduction
In this chapter we will reveal answers to these questions. We will explain: The difference between OS and system Utilities, Different OS, their newest versions, and their features. Utilities that every user should be familiar with, how to access them, and some of the settings that might help facilitate their use. Some basic troubleshooting techniques in case of system software malfunction.
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System Software
System software consists of the programs that control or
maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Two major categories of system software are:
Operating systems
Utility Programs
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System Software
Operating systems
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The operating system is a set of programs that perform certain basic functions with a specific type of hardware The operating system perform five basic functions::
Starting the computer
Managing programs
Managing memory Coordinating tasks: Handling messages from input and output devices
Mostly found on a hard disk On memory chip for small handheld computers.
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Warm boot
Using the operating system to restart a computer
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Step 5: Load System Utilities Antivirus software Speaker volume control Power management options
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Associated with a username and password, is a profile. A profile is record of a specific users preferences for the desktop theme, icons, and menu styles. On a multi-user computer systems you must have an account to access a computer. Your account consists of your username, your password, and your storage space, which is called home directory.
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Most of todays OS can make the computer RAM seem larger using virtual memory (VM) as an extension of random access memory (RAM). In VM instructions & data are divided into units of fixed size called pages, that are stored in a swap file on disk when main memory is full. Pages are moved in Main memory as needed, paging. Excessive paging is called trashing.
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There are 3 types of user interface: Graphical User Interface (GUI). Menu Driven. Command Line Interface.
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Command-Line Interface
Command-line:
The user is required to type keywords or commands in order to enter data or give instructions
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System Software
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Windows 7 UNIX
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Mac OS X Linux
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MAC OS
Operating System for MAC were numbered as MAC OS 8, MAC OS 9, and MAC OS X (10 in roman numeral 10).
Newer versions of MAC OS X have given names associated with animals: Cheetah, Snow Leopard, Mountain Lion (latest).
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Linux (1991)
Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds: Finnish student.
Open-source code Available for all to see and use
Multitasking UNIX-type operating system Competes with Windows and MAC-OS Linux is so attractive because its powerful and free.
MS-DOS
Developed for IBM PCs in 1981 by Bill Gates & Paul Allen.
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System Software
Server Operating System
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UNIX
Linux
NetWare
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UNIX Server
In addition to being stand-Alone OS Unix is also a Server OS: multiple purpose OS. Can handle a huge volume of transactions in a multiuser environment and works with multiple processors using multiprocessing.
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Linux Server
Also a multiple purpose OS.
Commercially-backed distributions: Fedora (Red Hat), openSUSE (Novell), Ubuntu (Canonical Ltd.), and Mandriva Linux (Mandriva),
Entirely community-driven distributions: Debian and Gentoo. Other distributions that are driven neither by a corporation nor a community, perhaps most famously Slackware.
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Solaris Server
Version of UNIX developed by Sun. Designed specifically for e-commerce applications. Solaris client computer often use desktop program such as GNOME desktop to communicate with Solaris Server.
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Netware Server
Developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, with network protocols based on the archetypal Xerox Network Systems stack.
Netware has a server portion on the network server and one portion on the client computer. Run on all type of computers.
Clients can have their one stand-alone OS.
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System Software
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Palm OS
iPhone OS
BlackBerry
Google Android
Embedded Linux
Symbian OS
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Microsoft Windows CE
Windows Mobile CE was released in 1996. Used by consumer electronic devices likes: Handheld PCs, Video games players, digital cameras, industrial product like bar code readers.
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Symbian OS
Open source multitasking OS (since 2/2010) Originally developed by Symbian Ltd, a firm purchased by Nokia 2008. Runs exclusively on ARM processors & x86. Contact, notes, e-mail, text message, take pictures, videos, voice, internet wirelessly, map, directions, music, movies, videos, display photos.
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Android OS
Initially developed by Android Inc., a firm purchased by Google in 2005. Android is based upon a modified version of the Linux kernel. It has a large community of developers writing application programs ("apps") Android operating system software stack consists of Java applications The Android OS consists of 12 million lines of code.
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iOS4 for iPhone & iPad touch, Apples smart phone & touch screen portable media player. Samsumg 32-bit RISC. Contact, notes, e-mail, text message, take pictures, videos, voice, internet wirelessly, map, directions, music, movies, videos, display photos. High Dynamic Range photos, HD video upload over Wi-Fi TV show rentals Game Center(THOR). Multi-touch Retina Display. FaceTime with front camera. Wi-Fi access to iTunes music store.
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BlackBerry 6 OS (RIM)
RIM: Research In Motion (Canada). 624 MHz Marvell Tavor Processor. Manage schedules, contacts, appointments, as well as phone capabilities. Wireless functionality for e-mail, text, IM, internet, browsing, Bluetooth. Take pictures, play music, access map & directions. Synchronize easily wirelessly with computers and other BlackBerry devices. 3G, GPS, Wi-Fi Include mini keyboard, Some have touch-screen.
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Utilities Software
Utility Programs
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Types of utilities:
Backup software Antivirus software
Disk scanning
Disk defragmentation File management
File-searching software
File compression
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Backup Software
Backup software includes programs that enable the user to copy data from the hard disk to another storage medium
Types of backups:
Full backup: entire hard 'disk content is copied.
Incremental backup: copy all those files that have been created or changed since the last backup occurred. Drive Image Software creates mirror image of the entire hard disk, including OS, applications, as well as a data.
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Antivirus Software
Antivirus software protects the computer from computer viruses. Popular antivirus Programs:
Bitdefender
Kaspersky Webroot
Norton
ESET Nod32
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Search
On large hard disk with thousand of files, to find a needed file can be time-consuming and frustrating. Search programs enable users to find files on storage devices.
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Disk-scanning utilities are programs that detect and fix physical and logical problems on storage devices. Disk cleanup utilities are programs that remove files that are no longer needed.
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System Update
Windows Update keeps the operating system up to date with service patches.
windowsupdate.microsoft.com
Windows 7 update automatically
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Troubleshooting
Computer startup failure:
Use a boot disk (emergency disk) in the floppy drive.
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Troubleshooting
System slowdown:
Scan for viruses. Check the CPU fan. Check BIOS options. Defragment the hard disk.
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Chapter 4 Summary
Two of the system software components are the operating system and system utilities. The operating system coordinates the functions of a computers hardware and provides support for application programs. An operating system manages programs, memory, and input/output devices, and it also provides a means of communicating with the user. The six steps to start a computer are loading the BIOS, power-on self-test, load operating system, configure system, load utilities, authenticate users.
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Two major operating systems for the personal computer are Microsoft Windows and the Mac OS X. The basic types of user interface are command-line, menu-driven, and graphical. System utilities keep the computer running efficiently. Backup procedures keep data safe. Troubleshooting is helpful for discovering errors.
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Virtualization
Its the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device or network resources. A physical server is separated into several virtual server. Each Virtual server performing a different function such as running a different OS.
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Linux
MS-DOS
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