Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary?

Jeff Schallenberg Optical Systems Planning, Teleglobe jeff.schallenberg@teleglobe.com

IEEE Bandwidth Management Workshop IX

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Outline:

1. Background 2. 50 milliseconds in the Standards 3. Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

4. Conclusions

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? - Background

Stentor Network Long (4500-km circumference)

Matched-Node Ring*
One large SONET ring proves in over several smaller ones:
Fewer NEs and interfaces to buy Less fiber-km (no crosslinks) Theoretical availability is not significantly worse with longer fiber spans, even though there are more NEs and fiber in a single protection span

BUT the BLSR protocol is slowed by the long propagation time to and fro around the large ring
Matched Nodes using Drop-and-Continue on Protection also slow down intra-ring switching (like Extra Traffic)

The need to understand the REAL impact of brief

outages
Does operating outside the recommended 1200-km ring circumference limit threaten any of the services riding in the SONET frames?
*

Field Deployment of Large SONET Ring Within Stentor (Canada) Telecom Network Sophie Legault et al., NFOEC 98

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary?50 milliseconds in the Standards

Telcordia General Recommendations, especially GR-

499 CORE Transport Systems Generic Requirements Common Requirements Criteria

ANSI T1.TR.68-2001 Enhanced Network Survivability

Performance
Outage Impac t -Call-Dropping (All Circuit Switched Services ) -PL Disconnects -Potent ial Packet (X.25) Disconnects -Potential Data Session Timeouts -Packet (X.25) Disconnects -Data Session Timeout -Network Congestion Expected Social/ Business Impact s -Potentially FCC Reportable

-Service "Hit" (Reframes) Protection Switching Range

-Potential Voiceband Disconnects (< 5%) -Affect Cell Rerouting Process -Trigger Changeover of CCS links 1st Restoration Target Range

-May Drop Voiceband Calls Depending on Channel Bank Vintage

6th Restoration Target Range 5th Restoration Target Range

2nd Restoration Target Range

3rd Restoration Target Range

4th Restoration Target Range

Outage Duration

50 ms

200 ms

2s

10 s

~5 min

~30 min

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary?50 milliseconds in the Standards - continued

From T1.TR.68-2001: Examples of outage durations beyond which calls are abandoned, or other processes must be re-initiated (emphasis added): SNA: programmable timeout 1.1 to 255 s X.25: idle state condition timer settable 1 to 30 s ATM: cell rerouting process may be started within 200 ms, but could be longer in large or complex networks Old channel bank types (e.g., D1A, D1D, D2, D3) exhibit carrier group alarm times of 300 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds. Voice circuit: possible false disconnect at downstream switch trunk interface with 150 ms on-hook supervisory signal state The TR further states The time frame between 50 milliseconds to just under 200 milliseconds will have minimal impact to services. Any affected voiceband switched calls (voice or data) will have less than a 5% probability of being dropped.

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

1. The Telus Interruptor Switch controlled hits with

reed and optical switches

Switches, pots - Adjust rate, duration

Pushbutton - Start sequence Pin jacks - n/o, n/c reed relays with 100-in series BNC Jacks for scope trigger
+ 6VDC Reed Relay for Coaxial (DS-3)

Optical Switch (OC-N)

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

2.(a) Stentor Switching Lab DMS-100 DS-0 SS7 Links
SSTP0 C-Links A-Links SDM1 SDM2 SSTP1

Interruptor Switch

A-Links

DS-1 Trunks
DS-0 hits <200 ms on a single link are not even detected 200 ms < DS-0 hits < 1200ms on a single link cause excess control codes alarms at receive end, but alarms clear immediately TWO DS-0 HITS > 200 ms within 5 MINUTES on single link causes 60s Delayed state where the link is OOS - but the alternate link is OK To isolate a DMS (for 60s) requires BOTH links to be hit TWICE IN 5 MINUTES by >200 ms Conclusion: SS7 links are immune to MULTIPLE brief (<200 ms) interruptions and SINGLE moderate (>200 ms) hits

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

2.(b) Stentor Switching Lab DMS-100 DS-1 Trunks
SSTP0 C-Links A-Links SDM1 DS-1 Trunks
Interruptor Switch

SSTP1

A-Links SDM2

Single and multiple hits <2s dont affect a call. (Clicks and noise bursts are audible).

Hits >2s cause DS-1 CGA, call is dropped, DS-1 trunk restores after 20s
Conclusion: The DS-1 voice trunk network is immune to brief (<2s) hits

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

3. Stentor Data Lab 56 kb/s data service in DS-1 signal
Data Test Set MTE
Interruptor Switch

DCS 1/0

MTE

DS-0 Loopback

56/64 kb/s DS-1 DS-1 For DS-1 hits <2.7s, the 64 kb/s data stream recovers sync 20-30 ms after hit clears. However when the DS-1 is hit for >2.7s, data sync is not restored for 15 -20s, depending on the particular MegaStreamTerminal Equipment (Newbridge and Tellabs were tested). A 4.4-s hit on the DS-1(actually 4, 1-s hits) Switch drive Is stretched by 20s on the 56 kb/s data by the Tellabs 440 MTE

Test set error output

Conclusion: DS-0-based data services are immune to moderate (<2.7s) DS-1 hits

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

4. Stentor Data Lab NTSC Video Codec over

ATM/OC-3
CCD Camera 36150 NTSC Video OC-3 X 36150 Colour Monitor

NTSC Video

If OC-3 connector opened/replaced within 5s (or so), the last frame is frozen by the codec until new data is received. If the OC-3 outage is longer than a few seconds, the codec inserts a colour-bar test pattern. When OC-3 is restored, video returns immediately. Conclusion: Broadband services over ATM are immune to brief (<5s) hits and are not shut down by longish (>5s) interruptions

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

5. Stentor Access Lab VF signal over Access SONET OC-12
Interruptor Switch

VF 1000Hz RFT C D S Storage Scope

DS-1 Loopback

FCOT Lockout W

5 ms/cm

10s/cm

A 12-ms hit recovers about 20ms after fiber restores.

>2s hit on fiber causes DS-1 CGA, signal is lost for 20s after fiber restores.

Conclusion:there is no drastic stretching of brief (<2s) fiber outages at tributary rates down to DS-0

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? Laboratory Simulation of Brief Outages

6. Bell Platforms and Architectures Lab DS-1 AAL1 over ATM and SONET OC-48
OC-48 L DS-3 L OC-3 DS-3 NB1 DS-3 Lockout (W) A A OC-12 T A
Interruptor Switch

OC-12 OC-48 A A A T OC-3

OC-48

PP1 (Edge Switch)

DS-1 AAL1 DS-1 Test Set

NB2

(Edge Switch) PP2

DS-1 AAL1 Loopback

(Core Switch)

Outages <2.5s restored immediately on ATM switches, causing NO alarms on ATM interfaces Outages >2.5s encountered the DS-1 CGA phenomenon, stretched for 34s, caused PAIS alarms on Newbridge 2, RFI on Passport 1 Conclusion: The ATM Core and Edge networks are immune to brief (<2.5s) hits

Is 50 ms Restoration Necessary? - . Conclusions

No, not really!
Todays network is quite resistant to brief outages 200 ms outages would not jeopardize services (data,

video, voice)
equipment design could be simplified equipment costs could be reduced