By Noha Taha

Definition of impression Types of impression

Impression materials
Impression methods Factors influencing support of distal extension base

Primary impression

Secondary impression

 Selection of stock tray

 With alginate material

Primary cast

Impression materials
Rigid materials
Thermoplastics materials

Elastic materials

 It record tooth and tissue details

accurately but it cannot be removed from the mouth without fracture.

 Plaster of paris It have been used in dentistry for over 200 years but now elastic materials completely replaced it.

Metallic oxide past

Not used as primary impression materials Used for extension base edentulous ridge areas for RPD

 Cannot record minute details

accurately because they under go permanent distortion during removal from the tooth and tissue undercuts.

Modeling plastic

Used mostly for border molding of custom impression tray.

Impression waxes and Natural Resins

They have the ability to record border details accurately.

 Remain in an elastic state after they set and

removed from the mouth.

Used for making impression for RPD, when

tissue undercuts and surface detail must be record with accuracy.

Reversible hydrocolloid (agar-agar)

It is accurate for making master cast for RPD , It is mainly used for duplication of cast

Irreversible Are used for Making study hydrocolloid cast and Master cast (alginate)

Mercaptan rubber base impression materials Polyether impression materials Silicone impression material

Should not be used when several undercuts are present.

Provide good surface details and make them useful as border molding materials More accurate and easier to use than other elastic impression material

Impression Techniques
1- Anatomic ridge form: for tooth suppoted R.P.D. (Kenedys class

III, short span class IV) so the edentulous ridges dont contribute to the support of the R.P.D. Single, pressure-free imp. records the teeth and soft tissues in their anatomic form .

Impression Techniques
2-Physiologic or functional ridge form: for tooth- tissue supported R.P.D. (Kenedys class I,II,long span class IV)

When the occlusal forces fall on toothtissue supported R.P.D., the ridge contribute to support as well as teeth This imp. recordteeth in their anatomic form and the ridge in its functional form under pressure.

The objectives of technique is :

to provide maximum support for the

removable partial denture bases. This allows for: 1. maintenance of occlusal contact between both natural and artificial dentition 2. minimum movement of the base, which would create leverage on the abutment teeth.

1- Quality of soft tissues covering edentulous ridge 2- Type of bone making up denture bearing area 3- Design of partial denture 4- Amount of tissue coverage of denture base: 5- Amount of occlusal forces 6- Anatomy of denture bearing area: 7- Fit of denture base: 8. Type and accuracy of the impression registration:

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases 1- Quality of soft tissues covering edentulous ridge
It should be firm, dense fibrous C.T. of even thickness slightly compressible and firmly attached to the bone

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases (factors influencing the amount of tissue displacement

2- Type of bone making up denture bearing area:

The ideal ridge would consist of: Cortical bone that covers dense Cancellous bone with broad rounded crest and high vertical slops. Cortical bone can resist vertical forces better than cancellous bone.

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases

3- Design of partial denture:
The use of indirect retainer will control

rotational movement of distal extension RPD.

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases

4- Amount of tissue coverage of denture base: The broader the coverage of the edentulous ridge, the greater the distribution of the load & the smaller the force per unit area

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases

5- Amount of occlusal forces:
1- Number of

artificial teeth. 2-Width of the occlusal table. 3- type of the opposing dentition 4-powerfull musculature of the patient

It influences the amount of support required to stabilize the denture base..

Factors influencing support from distal extension bases

6- Anatomy of denture bearing area: To distribute the forces of mastication to

the ridge most efficiently, the majority of force must be directed to the primary stress bearing areas, that are capable of withstanding that force.

7- Fit of denture base: Support is enhanced by intimate contact between the mucosa and the fitting surface of the partial denture; 8. Type and accuracy of the impression registration

 which records the ridge portion of the cast in

its physiologic or functioning form by placing an occlusal load on the impression tray as the impression is being made.

3-Selective tissue placement impression technique.

Impression for distal extension R.P.D.

At the imp. stage: Mcleans and Hindels methods = dual imp. Technique = pseudo-functional imp. or Impressions with custom trays. At the framework stage: Altered cast method either by functional imp.method At the finished denture stage: Functional relining method using fluid wax or zinc oxide euginol or rubber base relining method.

Imp. for Dis. Ex. R.P.D.

1- At the imp. stage:

McLeans technique (closed mouth)

The technique consists of making an impression of the edentulous ridge in border-moulded denture base tray which is provided with occlusion rims. Impression paste is used to record ridge areas under biting stresses After setting of ZnO eugenol it is removed, tested, reinserted; overall alginate impression is made with the ZnO imp.seated in the mouth.

Imp. for Dis. Ex. R.P.D.

1- At the imp. stage: Hindles technique (opened mouth)

the same idea of McLeans

technique but instead of the occlusion rims, use finger pressure through 2 circular openings in the posterior region of the hydrocolloid imp. Tray.

Imp. for Dis. Ex. R.P.D.

1- At the imp. stage:

Disadvantages
If the clasp action is sufficient to maintain the

denture base in its intended position, This may result in compromised blood flow with adverse soft tissue reaction and bone resorption. If clasp action is not sufficient to maintain that functional relationship of the denture base to the soft tissue, this will result in floating denture with premature contact and patient dissatisfaction.

 Steps:
1- after the RPD frame work is constucted on anatomic imp.cast.it should be evaluated for any metal projections and sharp edges.
2-check the RPD metal frame work in the patients mouth

3-the impression tray is made using chemically activated resin, a the frame work with the attached impression tray is placed in the patients mouth and correct peripheral extension 4-border molding the impression tray using low fusing modeling plastic < green or grey sticks >

5-the final impression is made by using zinc-oxide euginol paste

with the mouth opened and tripod pressure is applied on occlusal rests and indirect retainer
6-after the impression material is set, the tray is removed and checked for any discrepancies

Altered cast method

7. The metal framework with the attached imp. is positioned on the master cast with all occlusal rests properly seated in their prepared recesses.
8. The entire assembly is boxed and poured in a different colored stone.

Imp. for Dis. Ex. R.P.D.

3- At the finished denture stage: Functional relining method:

The finished denture is relined by applying for example ZnO eugenol imp. paste to the acrylic fitting surface of the distal extension saddle the impression is made with the denture being seated by pressure on the occlusal rests and indirect retainers only. No pressure is applied to the occlusal surface of the artificial teeth