A presentation on..

FACTS

 FACTS DEVICES??

BENEFITS OF FACTS MAINTENANCE OF FACTS OPERATION OF FACTS

IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System

FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve transmission systems.

1. Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) 2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs) 3. STATCOM 4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices :

UPFC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Better utilization of existing transmission system assets Increased transmission system reliability and availability Increased dynamic and transient grid stability and reduction of loop flows Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries Environmental benefits

TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE

Voltage Limits

Low Voltage at Supply Reactive Shunt capacitor, SVC, TCSC, heavy loads Power Series STATCOM Capacitor High voltage at Remove light load Reactive Power supply Absorb Reactive Power High voltage Absorb following Reactive outage Power Protect Equipment Switch EHV SVC, TCSC, Line and\or STATCOM shunt capacitor Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM capacitor, Shunt Reactor Add shunt SVC,STATCOM reactor Add arrestor SVC

Low Voltage Supply reactive Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM following power capacitor, Outage reactor, series capacitor Prevent Overload Series Reactor, TCPAR,TCSC PAR

Thermal Limits

Line or Reduce Transformer Overload Overload

Add line or TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR transformer Add series SVC, TCSC reactor

Tripping of Limit Circuit Add series UPFC, TCSC Parallel loading reactor, circuit (line) capacitor Loop flows Parallel line Adjust series Add series UPFC, TCSC load sharing reactance capacitor/reac tor Adjust phase Add PAR angle Post-fault sharing TCPAR,UPFC

Rearrange PAR, Series TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCP network or Capacitor/ AR use Reactor Thermal Limit actions Phase PAR TCPAR,UPFC

Flow Direction Adjust

Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker Limit Short-circuit Add series Reactor, new fault currents currents circuit breaker

Change breaker

Circuit Add new circuit Breaker

Rearrange network

Split Bus

Sub Sync. resonance

Potential Turbine

Mitigate Oscillations

Series Compensation

Investment costs of FACTS devices

a) The devices equipment costs, and (b) The necessary infrastructure costs

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 100 200 300 400 500 STATCOM

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 100 200 300 400 500

UPFC

T CSC

SVC

FSC.

FINANCIAL BENEFITS:

1. Additional sales 2. Additional wheeling charges 3. Avoiding or delaying of investments

Maintenance of FACTS devices

is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors, reactors and transformers The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250 man-hours per year

Operation of FACTS devices

operated automatically
can be done locally and remotely

Steps for the Identification of FACTS

Projects:

Performance Verification

Projects

to conduct a detailed network study to investigate the critical

conditions of a grid For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of the transmission lines could be investigated an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTS devices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits.

Performance Verification

The

design of all FACTS devices should be tested in a transient network analyzer (TNA) The results of the TNA tests should be consistent with the results of the network study

Bibliography:
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Electrical power systems by C.L.Wadhawa, new age publishers

www.abb.com www.siemens.com