DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY

TOPIC: HEALTH AGENCIES AROUND THE WORLD

GUIDED BY: DR.KARANPARKASH SINGH (LECTURER) SUBMITTED BY: RUCHIKA BDS FINAL prof

INTRODUCTION
The health of the citizens is the proper concern of the government. The concept of public health today has changed in a striking manner and a vast network of public health unit have evolved. The smallest of these cater to the health needs of small rural areas, the largest the World health organization, concern itself with the entire world. The two kinds of agencies carry on public health work: Governmental and Non- governmental . Governmental agencies are those supported by public taxation and operated by national or state governments. Non- governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operate independentaly from any government,

Various world health agencies

.THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT .THE PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU (PASB) .THE OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DHYGIENE PUBLIQUE(OIHP) .THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION .THE HEALTH ORGANISATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS .INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION (ILO) .THE FORD FOUNDATION .THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION(UNRRA) .THE WORLD BANK GROUP .COOPERATIVE FOR ASSSITANCE AND RELIEF EVERYWHERE(CARE) .THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION(FAO) .UNITED NATIONS CHILDERNS FUND(UNICEF) .THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION(WHO) .THE COLOMBO PLAN .UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT(USAID) .UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)

UNITED NATIONS CHILDRENS FUND (UNICEF)

ORIGN: UNICEF was created by general assembly in 1946. It was called United Nation International Childrens Emergency fund. The main purpose was to meet emergency needs of chidren around the world. In 1953 its name was changed to the United Nations Childerns fund. ORGANISATION: The headquarters of UNICEF is situated in New York.It has eight regional offices in different parts of the world.The UNICEF regional offices for south asia is at New Delhi(ROSA)

FUNCTIONS:
UNICEF cooperates with countries in their efforts to protect their children and to enable them to develop there full potential. UNICEF cooperates with over 137 devloping countries in several ways: *It assist in planning and extension of services benefiting children *It provides support to strengthen the training and orientation of national personnel including health and hygeine functionaries,teachers,nutritionists and child welfare specialists. *It supports activities related to womens empowerment and services benefiting children and women. *It helps in development of appropriate communication material for advocacy and information dissemination and education, *it delivers technical supplies,equipment and other aids.

UNICEF promotes:
*primary education *to protect children against diseases *to provide household food security *to promote family planning *to encourage breastfeeding *to support immunization *to protect children who are abused at home

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(WHO)

INTRODUCTION: WHO is a specialised agency within the charter of the United Nations,which is non political in its functions. 7th april is celebrated every year as WORLD HEALTH DAY

The Constitution of WHO:

Health is a state of complete physical,mental and social well being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race,religion, political belief , economic or social condition. The achievement of any state in the promotion and protection of health is of value to all. Healthy development of the child is of basic importance,the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment is essential to such development. The extension of all peoples of the benefits of medical , psychological and related knowledge is essential to the fullest attainment of health. Informed opinion and active cooperation on the part of the public are of utmost importance in the improvement of the health of the people Government have the responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measure.

MEMBERSHIP IN WHO
The membership of WHO is open to all countries. INDIA became a member on 12 janaury 1948. In 1998 WHO has 191 members and 2 associate members.

STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF WHO:

THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY:It is the supreme decision making body for WHO . It generally meets in GENEVA in may each year and is attended by delegations from all 193 Member states. Its main function is to determine the policies of the organization. It appoints Director general,supervises the financial policies and reviews and approves the proposed program budget.

THE EXECUTIVE BOARD:It is composed of 34 members technically qualified in the field of health. Members are elected for 3 year terms.The main board meeting is held in january with shorter meeting in may,immediately after the world health assembly. The main objective is to give effect to the decisions and policies of the health assembly to advise it and generally to facilitate its work. THE SECRETERIAT : it is staffed by some 8000 health and other experts and support staff on fixed terms appointments working at headquarter in the 6 regional offices. The organisation is headed by Director General who is appointed for a five year term by health assembly on nomination of executive board.

REGIONAL OFFICE OF WHO

HEADQUARTERS

African region

Brazzaville,Congo

Region of the Americas

Washington DC, USA

South East Asia region

New Delhi, India

European region

Denmark, copenhagen

Eastern mediterranean region

Cairo, Egypt

Western Pacific region

Manila, Philippines

THE WHO AGENDA:

PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT FOSTERING HEALTH SECURITY STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS HARNESSING RESEARCH, INFORMATION AND EVIDENCE ENHANCING PARTNERSHIPS IMPROVING PERFORMANCE

THE ROLE OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH

Providing leadership matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed Shaping the research agenda stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation Articulating ethical and evidence based policy options Monitoring the health situation and assesing health trends

WORLD HEALTH DAY

The constitution of WHO came into force on 7th april 1948 and since then 7 april every year celebrated as WORLD HEALTH DAY. Every year a theme is seleted and global attention is focoused on that particular theme . The theme of 1994 was ORAL HEALTH FOR A HEALTHY LIFE Theme of 2011 was ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: NO ACTION TODAY, NO CURE TOMMOROW