SKIN AGEING

A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Diploma Beauty Therapy by Rosaura Luminita Albert 18th Septrmbre 2013 The Australian College MHM EDUCATION & TRAINING BROADWAY
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Society has taught us all kinds of things regarding aging, including the process+of aging and normal changes that occur. Understanding the aging process; what, why, and how changes occur; and strategies to prepare ourselves for these changes gives new life and appeal to a very special time in all our lives. The processes by which the skin ages are complex, resulting from a number of different internal (genetic) and external (environmental) factors.

The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Because it interfaces with the environment, skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, synthesis of vitamin D, and the protection of vitamin B. Severely damaged skin will try to heal by forming scar tissue. This is often discolored and de-pigmented. Also:
protects our bodies/ helps keep our bodies at just the right temperature/allows us to have the sense of touch
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Skin aging is a multisystem degenerative process that involves the skin and skin support system. Young faces tend to be convex with full lips, sweeping jaw line with full temples and cheeks. Aged face tends to be concave with flat lips, sunken temples and cheeks, scalloped mandible and more shadows.

By the third decade of life, the skin begins to change. Skin aging is a progressive process in which environmental damage superimposed on aging skin determines the ultimate skin appearance. Aging is a multisystem degenerative process that involves the skin and the skin support systems including the bone, cartilage, and subcutaneous compartments.

Age is not the determining factor in the condition of mature skin. Environmental factors that influence ageing of the skin play a central role. Tone, elasticity and epidermal regeneration capacity do not decline until advanced age in areas not exposed to light, whereas they do so prematurely in areas exposed to light. However, skin aging is particularly important because of its social impact. It is visible and also represents an ideal model organ for investigating the aging process . The biological clock affects both the skin and the internal organs in a similar way, causing irreversible degeneration.

Photo-aging affects the sun-exposed areas and is characterized clinically by fine and coarse wrinkling, roughness, dryness, laxity, loss of tensile strength and pigment changes. There is also an increase in development of benign and malignant neoplasms on photo-aged skin. . Moreover external aging factors mostly relate to largely environmental influences of which exposure to ultra violet radiation (UVA and UVB radiation from the sun) seems to have the most detrimental effect, resulting in wrinkling, sagging, loss of elasticity and a dehydrated skin appearance.

Most premature aging is caused by sun exposure. Unlike chronological aging, which depends on the passage of time per se, photo-aging depends primarily on the degree of sun exposure and skin pigment. Individuals who have outdoor lifestyles, live in sunny climates and are lightly pigmented will experience the greatest degree of photo aging. Among harmful environmental factors that con- tribute to extrinsic aging, long-term effects of repeated exposure to UV radiation are most significant and are referred to as photo-aging. Photo-aging is directly correlated to the quantity of UV rays received during the course of lifetime. The effects of photo damage are often evident many years before intrinsic aging is apparent. Young people who are exposed to a great amount of UV rays appear prematurely aged.

As skin ages, it becomes thinner and more easily damaged. Intensifying this effect is the decreasing ability of skin to heal itself as a person ages.++During the human life cycle, the skin is exposed to a number of unavoidable as well as avoidable damaging factors. Genetics also play a highly important role. In addition to all the conditions mentioned above, further processes pertaining to oxygenation and reduction are active in skin aging.

Alterations in skin become very obvious early on if you have not taken care of yourself. Wrinkling is the most common and most notable. Increased wrinkling is due to a normal loss of elastic tissue, excessive sun exposure, smoking, and heredity. Small skin hemorrhages are noted; these may look like small red dots just about anywhere on your body. A few of these are normal. The sweat glands also shrink, reducing sweating and making it more difficult for your medical provider to assess dehydration by skin alone.

Among other things, skin aging is noted by a decrease in volume and elasticity. There are many internal and external causes to skin aging. For example, aging skin receives less blood flow and lower glandular activity. A validated comprehensive grading scale has categorized the clinical findings of skin aging as laxity (sagging), rhytids (wrinkles), and the various facets of photoaging, including erythema/telangiectasia (redness), dyspigmentation (brown discoloration), solar elastosis (yellowing), keratoses (abnormal growths) and poor texture.

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Use Creams with Glycolic Acid or Retinol A faded complexion is one of the first signs of prematurely aging skin, says dermatologist Audrey Kunin. Luckily, topical ingredients like buffered glycolic acid and retinol can rapidly improve the look and texture of skin by removing buildup of dry skin, smoothing out fine lines, improving discoloration and also helping to trigger collagen production.

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Store Up Calcium in Your 20s Elizabeth Somer, dietician and author of Age-Proof Your Body, says you build up most of your bone density prior to your 30s, so youd be wise to store up on calcium beforehand. Then continue to follow a high-calcium diet--calcium is better absorbed from milk than a supplementto keep bones strong. Women rapidly lose bone mass after menopause, and without a bone scan, Somer warns that the only symptom of bone loss will be a fracture or break.

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Shield Your Face from Sun While Driving Dermatologic surgeon Eric Bernstein sees what he calls car windrow syndrome in the majority of his patients. They have significantly more skin damage on the left side of their faces due to increased exposure to sunlight while driving. Always be diligent about sunscreen, and remember to shield your face while driving.

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Eat Spinach and Mangoes to Reverse Sun Damage Sun damage is one of the most common tip-offs to age: drying out the skin and deepening wrinkles. Experts say that anytime you get even a slight sunburn youve done significant damage to your skin. Fruits like watermelon and mangoes and veggies like spinach and sweet potatoes are high in Vitamin A and help repair skin cells.

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Take Omega-3 DHA Supplement for Brain Health Memory loss not only makes us less efficient, it signals an aging brain. A study published last year in the journal Alzheimers and Dementia, known as the MIDAS study, found that taking Omega-3 DHA supplements took three years off the brain, improving memory and learning skills. Researchers believe it may also reduce the likelihood of developing Alzheimers or dementia.

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Keep Working to Stimulate Mind The brain is at the center of the aging battle and needs to be stimulated to stay young, experts say. Activity, purpose, social engagement and intense focusing all help you stay mentally sharp. Staying in the workforce longer will activate the brain, in addition to doing puzzles, learning new subjects and keeping socially active.+Staying lean with proper exercise and diet will keep you living longer and looking younger.

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Cut Coffee and Soda Dull skin and graying hair will instantly add a decade or more to your perceived age. Skin and hair experts advise increasing your water intake and cutting back on diuretics like coffee and soda, which are hair killers. Furthermore, the acidity in coffee will burn up calcium and create redness in the skin.

Drinking enough fluids is also necessary for+maintaining a healthy metabolism. Your body+needs to hydrate and approximately 2 litres per+day is recommended, more of course if you are+exercising, or in a hot climate. You will+derive+little benefit from+drinking soft drinks due totheir high sugar content; for skin that glows,+it is best to drink plain water.

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Stay Away From Red Meats and Processed Foods Saturated fats, white flour and sugars found in many red meats and processed foods will pack on the pounds and come out in your skin. According to Eric Braverman, neurologist and author of Younger (Sexier) You, extra body fat--usually inserted on the belly and triceps with age--will trigger other organs to begin aging prematurely.

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Lather Up the Hand Lotion Most people are unaware that the delicate skin on your hands shows the aging process extremely quickly and often makes you appear older than you are, says Bernstein. Drinking lots of water, eating fruits rich in antioxidants, wearing sunscreen and lathering up every day with a good hand lotion will help your hands stay true to your age.

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Grapes (resveratrol) Resveratrol deeply penetrates the center of your cell's nucleus, giving your DNA time to repair free radical damage. Resveratrol is found in grapes, and there are numerous products on the market containing resveratrol. I recommend looking for one made from Muscadine grapes, and that uses WHOLE grape skins and seeds, as this is where many of the benefits are concentrated

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Tame The Stress Beast Experts say many of us exceed healthy stress levels, which will eventually exhaust the body and wreak havoc on internal systems. Taking your allotted vacation days, sleeping seven hours each night, meditation and exercise will help to cleanse the aging stress toxins.

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Antioxidants and Super+foods Repair Cells Antioxidants can repair the damage caused by free radical oxidation in the cells. The body is capable of protecting itself and making enough antioxidants to stop the oxidative stress. However as we age the body has a harder time producing enough of the enzymes needed to repair the free radical damage in the cells. A diet of super+foods rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin B12 and antioxidants like avocado, spinach, blueberries, red bell peppers, beans and egg whites can help reduce the oxidative stress by giving the cells extra antioxidants to battle the free radicals.

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Summary
Use Creams with Glycolic Acid or Retino Store Up Calcium in Your 20s

Shield Your Face from Sun While Driving

Keep Working to Stimulate Mind Take Omega-3 DHA Supplement for Brain Health Eat Spinach, Mangoes and Grapes (resveratrol) to Reverse Sun Damage Antioxidants and Super+foods Repair Cells Stay Away From Red Meats and Processed Foods Cut Coffee and Soda it is best to drink plain water

Tame The Stress Beast

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Conclusion Understanding the aging process; what, why, and how changes occur; and strategies to prepare ourselves for these changes gives new life and appeal to a very special time in all our lives. Exercise, good nutrition, positive health maintenance activities, and regular visit with your health care provider are the most important factors contributing to quality of life as you age.

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References
1. KAYA G, SAURAT JH. Dermatoporosis: a al. Low doses of repetitive+ultraviolet A chronic cutaneous+insufficiency/fragility induce morphologic changes in human syndrome. Dermatology2007;215:284-94. skin. J.Invest Dermatol 1995;105:739-43. 2. FISHER GJ, KANG S, VARANI J, BATA5. LAWRENCE N. New and emerging CSORGOZ, WAN Y, DATTA S, VOORHEES J. treatments for photoaging.+Dermatol Mechanisms of+photoaging and Clinc 2000;18:99-112. chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:1462-70. 3. CASTANET J, ORTONNE JP. Pigmentary changes in+aged and photoaged skin. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:1296-9. 4. LOWE NJ, MEYERS DP, WIEDER JM, LUFTMAN D,BORGET T, LEHMAN MD, et
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