KOREA

Hanguk
한국
 Geography

n Korea
n From the early dynasty “Koryu” means
“High and Clear”
n Called as “Land of the morning calm”
because of its temperate and tranquil
morning.
n Pero ngayon “Land of the broken calm”
na lang siya.
n North korea – Pyongyang
n South korea – Seoul
 Geography
n Located on mountainous peninsula
between China and Japan.
n Extends southward from eastern
Manchuria to within 70 miles off
Kyushu, Japans southern island.
n Its northern border extends along the
border of China and touches the
Russia to the northeast.
n Most of Korea’s nothern border is cut
by two large rivers,
n The Yalu flows from westward into yellow sea,
n Tumen flows to the east sea.
 Geography

n Has a total area of 85,269 square

miles an area slightly less than
Philippines.

n 3,000 offshore island and;

n 10,000 miles of coastline.

North Korea

South Korea
 Geography

n South Korea has richer

farmlands than those in North
Korea. Rice, cotton, barley, tobacco
and wheat.

n Its industrialize economy

produce cosumer goods, like
textiles, electronic and computer
products, automotive and home
appliances.
 People
n The Koreans belong to the yellow
(Mongoloid) race.
n The Koreans are ussualy smaller than
Europeans, but are taller than the
Japanese, southern Chinese and average
Filipinos.
n The total Korean population is more than
70 million, with more people found in
South Korea.
 Present Political System

n North Korea – “Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea” is dictatorship
state.
n President – dictatorial powers
 Present Political System

n South Korea – “ Republic of South

Korea” is a capitalist, but often times
in recent years (before 1990’s) an
authoritarian state.
nPresident –
democratic powers
 Early History of Korea

n According to tradition
n Founded in 2333 BC by a legendary hero
named Tan-gun, who established Asadal( now
Pyongyang) as 1st capital and called The
kingdom of Choson ( Land of the morning
calm)
n Official history
n Began in 1122 BC when Chinese
immigrants established a kingdom in
Pyonyang.
n The Chinese called the people of
 Early History of Korea

n The chinese called the people of

Choson, the “tung-I” or eastern
Barbarian Bowmen”
n These people often fought against
the tribes of Chou dynasty in China.
n The Chinese records show also that
Wiman;
n Chinese immigrant served in ancient
Choson as military commander.
n Turned against his hosts and capture
 Early History of Korea

n The chinese emperor of Han dynasty

decided to subjugate the tribes of
Choson.
n Within 2 years:
n The Choson armies destroyed, the
Han emperor established four
colonies to maintain peace and order
in Choson and Manchuria.
n However on 1313 AD liberation from
Chinese rule came when the horse-
 The Three Kingdoms

n Shilla (57 BC)

n Last kingdom to fully develop and least
influenced by Chinese
 The Three Kingdoms

n Paekche (18 BC)

n More cultured than warlike koguryo
n Moved to south to avoid attacks from Koguryo
and Chinese.

n Koguryo (37 BC)

 The Shilla Period
(668-935)

n Marked by qualitative developments in the

arts, trade and education.
n Intoduction of Buddhism and
Confucianism.

The downfall of Shilla

n Numerous assassinations of prominent
members of the royal family
n Rebellion against the Shilla class system.
n Finally 918 BC, rebels sacked the capital city of
kyunju and murdered the king.
n Few years later the royal usurper abdicated
and Shilla kingdom came to an end.
 Koryo Kingdom
(918-1392)

n Wangkong assumed the title king Taejo.

n Successfully stopped the peasant revolt
n He made Buddhism and geomancy
important in his court and Korean society.
n During Taejo’s reign the nomadic, Khitans
had conquered most of Manchuria and
Mongolia.
n Adopted the dynastic name of Liao
n Attempted to develop alliance with Koryo,
but Koreans did not trust them.
n The Khitans attacked koryu but Koreans
prepared for the attacks. And they were
 Koryo Kingdom
(918-1392)

n Later, General Kand Cho killed the 7th

king Mokchong in 1009 and placed
Hyonjong on the throne. This
promted the Khitans to lead a large
army to punish the assassins of
Mokchong.
 Period of Peace and Stability

A long period of peace and prosperity

followed the 30 years of war with the
Khitan tribes, Songdo the capital of Koryo
became the cultural and commercial
center for kingdom.
n The foreign trade with neighboring
countries flourished.
n Still Buddhism continue to be the
dominant religion.
n Confucianism continued to influence the
ethical and moral conduct of society.
 The Mongol Period

n Lead by Genghis Khan his hordes

against the Chin dynasty and Peking
fell in 1215
n By 1231, Mongols attacked Koryo.
n Their required the Koreans nobles to
adopt Mongol dress, hairstyle and
language.
n Their rule korea however while Koryo
rulers were in exile in the south,
Buddhist craftsmen began to carve
Tripitaka (Buddhist scriptures)”
on wooden blocks.
 Choson Dynasty
Yi Song-Gye (1392-1398)

n Yi
n From an obscure military family
n One of Korea’s prominent historical
figures.
n He seized political powers and military
power and overthrew the Koryo.
n He inaugurated his own dynasty,
Choson.
n Under his rule, Korea was transformed
into Confucian state.
 King Sejong
( 1418-1450)

n The 4th and the greatest ruler of

Choson dynasty, 3rd son of Yi. Ruled
Korea for 32 years
n Under his year nation entered a
“Golden age” of Creativity” a
remarkable scholar who had mastery
of confucian classics, literature,
linguistic and science.
n The creation of the Korean alphabet,
 In the 16th century, the shogun
Hideyoshi of Japan invaded Korea.
The Japanese soldiers with their
firearms, with which the Koreans
were not yet familiar, natural mas
malakas sila kaya nacaptured nila
yung ports of Pusan and reached the
Seoul.
n Yi Sun Chin
n One of the countrys famous heroes,
with the use of “Turtle-ships”. Pero
During the Japanese invasion of Korea,
and mga mapagsamantalang
Manchus attacked and conquered
China tpos noong 1627 isinunod
naman ang Korea.
The Spread of Western Ideas and
Confucianism
n The 1st Europeans came in 1627
n Three Dutch crewmen were taken as
prisoners kasi naligaw sila, ayun
bihag tuloy! Two of the were killed.
n Jan Janse Weltevree became the
overseer of the government’s cannon
foundry.
n Through the 17th and into 18th
western ideas filtered in Korea via
China, while the Koreans scholars
took only an intellectual interest in
 The Spread of Western Ideas and
Confucianism
n It spread like wildfire among the peasants,
the social inequality aggravated by the
perennial factional conflicts in
government.
n An alternative to either Buddhist or
Confucian beliefs.
Nung una una, eh di pinapansin ng mga
authoridad and pagkalat ng Christianity,
pero noong;
n 1785 during the reign of Chonjo
Catholicism was officially banned as
threath to Korea and culture.
 The Spread of Western Ideas and
Confucianism
Despite the religious persecutions, the
Catholicism persisted in 1836, the 1st
western missionary, a French Catholic
priest;
n Pierre Maubant entered Seoul in disguise,
followed by Father Jaques Chastan and
Bishop Joseph Imbert in succeeding year.
n In 1839, renewed persecution broke out
and 80 Catholics were executed including
the priests.
n In 1845, the 1st Korean priest, Andrew Kim
was executed too.
The Spread of Western Ideas and
Confucianism
The severest persecution of
Christianity occurred during the reign
of King Taewon-gun,
n Nine priest were beheaded on the
banks of Han-gang River, and 8,000
Catholics were executed.
South Korea at Present
Time
n Country Name: Republic of Korea
n Capital City: Seoul (10.1 million)
n National flower: Mugunghwa (Rose
of Sharon)
n Currency: won
n Language: Korean (Written form:
Hangeul)
 Geography
n Location: Strategically located at the
crossroads of Northeast Asia. Korea lies
between Japan, the Russian Far East and
China.
n Territory: 223,098km2 (South Korea:
99,678km2)
n Highest mountains: Baekdusan 2744m,
Hallasan 1950m
n Longest rivers: Amnokgang 790km,
Nakdonggang 521.5km, Dumangang
521km, Hangang 481.7km
 Population
n Population: 48.46 million (2007)
¡Ø Foreign residents: 1.1 million
n Median Age: 36.1 years (2007)
n Economically active population
 : 24.2 million (2007)
n Life Expectancy: Males 75.7 years,
females 82.4 years (2006)
 Religion
n Religion: A 2005 census showed half
of the population actively practices
religion. Among this group, Buddhism
(43.0%), Protestantism (34.5%) and
Catholicism (20.6%) comprise the
three dominant religions.
 Political System
n Political System: Democracy with
president elected to a single 5-year
term by direct popular vote. Division
of power among the executive,
legislature (unicameral National
Assembly) and judiciary
n Elections
- Presidential: every 5 years
- National Assembly: every 4 years
- Local Councils: every 4 years
n Political parties: Grand National
Party, United Democratic Party,
Liberal Forward Party, Democratic
Labor Party, Pro-Park Geun-hye
Alliance, Renewal of Korea Party
 Economic status
n Gross Domestic Product: $969.9 billion
(2007)
n Foreign Exchange Reserves: $262.2
billion (2007)
n Exports: $371.5 billion (2007)
n Imports: $356.8 billion (2007)

n Major Industrial Products:

Semiconductors, automobiles, ships,
 Yu, ikaw na pala
magrereport kala mo
ah…!!!!
 FOREIGN RELATIONS
vIn 1873, King Kojong with the help of
his ifluential wife, Queen Min, assumed
full control of state powers

vKojong relaxed its foreign policy of

isolationism

vTreaty of Kangwa (1876), a treaty of

friendship and amity between Japan
and Korea, it was modeled after the
treaties that imperialist powers had
earlier imposed upon Japan when its
vTreaty of Amity and Commerce or
Shufelt Treaty between Korea and
the United States on May 22,1882,
aimed to open trading agreements of
Korea with other states
 JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
vDuring the Sino-Japanese War, Japan coerced
Korea to expel China-oriented politicians from
the government

vKorean government hired Japanese officers as

instructors during the re-organization of the
military

vTaking advantage of the Japanese-trained royal

guards, the Japanese troops attacked
Kyonbokkung Palace at dawn on October 8,1895

vThe Japanese murdered Queen Min and then

vKing Kojong sought refuge in the
Russian Mission which was perceived as
a sign of government weakness

vA vigorous campaign for territorial

integrity was launched through the
newspaper the Tongnip Shinmun (The
Great Independence)

vKorea declared neutrality during the

Russo-Japanese War, however, the
Japanese troops entered Seoul
vKing Kojong was forced to sign an
agreement allowing the Japanese to use
Korea as a military base in its war with
Russians

vTaft-Katsura agreement, a secret deal

between Japan and US in which the US
recognized Japan’s rule in Korea and, in turn
for Japan’s recognition of US sovereignty
over the Philippines

vAnglo-Japanese Treaty of Alliance,

acknowledged Japan’s right to take
vTreaty of Portsmouth, Russia and the
other imperialist powers recognized
Japan’s interests in Korea and had
the right to colonize Korea without
interference from these powers
 JAPANESE RULE
vProtectorate Treaty (1905), conducted
under the auspices of Hirobumi Ito and
forced upon King Kojong, it further
increased Japanese control of Korea;
created the office of a Japanese
resident general with the absolute
power to control domestic and foreign
affairs; forced the abdication of the last
reigning ruler, Emperor Sunjong
vGen. Terauchi Masatake, first Resident
General in Korea

n the name of the country was

changed to Chosen.
n Masatake’s man objective was the
complete assimilation of Koreans
into the Japanese mainstream.
n he suppressed all forms of
organized opposition
n newspapers were suspended, political
organizations were disbanded and the right of
assembly was prohibited

n Koreans were forced to adopt Japanese names

n Japanese officials operated schools for the

purpose of molding the students into loyal
Japanese subjects

n Korean children were forced to use only

Niponggo in class; higher education was limited
n Japanese farmers and fishermen were
encourage to settle in Korea lands that
were arbitrarily confiscated from
Koreans were given to the Japanese

n activities of the guerilla forces within

Korea, independence movement
outside of the country, the lobbying and
diplomatic activities of Korean patriots
who had taken asylum in other
countries and other nationalists groups
all helped to sustain the resistance
 MARCH 1 MOVEMENT
vUS president Woodrow Wilson proposed
that the Versailles Peace Treaty be
based on his famous “Fourteen Points”
in which the doctrine of self-
determination must be respected; that
no people should be subjugated by
others against their will

vDeclaration of Korean Independence

was publicly announced on March
v Japanese fired into the unarmed
demonstrators that shouted Tonghip
manse (Long Live Korean
Independence)

vKorean activists established the

Provisional Government of Korea in
Shanghai, China in 1919

vthe declaration of Korean independence

on March 1,1919 came to be known as
the March First Movement
 RESISTANCE AND
COLLABORATION
vunder the new Governor General, Saito
Makoto, Japanese implemented Cultural
Policy (Bunka Seiji) where the Koreans
were given more freedom

vthere were Koreans who collaborated

with Japanese government to succeed
during the colonial period

vResistance was left to the guerilla

fighters or to the political exiles
vKorean guerilla fronts were based in
Manchuria and North China, whose
leaders were Kim IL Sung and Choe
Hyon

vRighteous Brotherhood, communist

underground forces in the peninsula
and other patriotic forces continued to
harass the Japanese

vDr. Syngman Rhee used diplomatic and

propaganda channels to advance
 WORLD WAR II
vKorean Provisional Government
established a European-American
Liaison committee in Washington for
the purpose of starting an aggressive
diplomacy with American and
European states

vIn 1944, the Korean Provisional

Government formally decided to
contribute to the Allied war efforts
 LIBERATION AND THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
vCairo Conference of 1943, the Allied
Powers agreed and declared that Korea
would become free and an independent
state

vYalta Conference of 1945, Soviet Union

agreed to enter the war against Japan
on the condition that the Russians
would be responsible in disarming the
Japanese forces in North Korea and
Manchuria and that the US would do so
vthe US proposed the 38th parallel as the
demarcation line between the two
Koreas and the Soviet Union agreed

vUnited Nations General Assembly in

1947, passed a resolution providing for
general elections to be held
immediately to ensure unification and
independence

vRepublic of Korea (South), a democratic

government with Dr. Syngman Rhee as
vDemocratic People’s Republic of
Korea (North), a communist
government proclaimed in
Pyongyang with Kim-II Sung as its
first premier
 THE KOREAN WAR
von June 25, 1950, Communist North Koreans
crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South
Korea

vCommunists overran and controlled almost

all of South Korea except a territory in the
southeast, known as the Pusan perimeter

vThe UN security Council passed a resolution

demanding the withdrawal of the
Communist forces from the South Korean
territory and called for the formation of a UN
vGen Douglas Mac Arthur, lead the UN
forces and was successful in pushing
back the Nokors

vunexpected appearance and

participation of massive Chinese troops
compelled the Un forces to retreat on
January 4,1951

va consolidated Un forces launched a

counter-attack successfully retaking
vTruce of Panmunjon on July 27, 1953
ended the war, provided for the
exchange of prisoners of war, and
created a 151-mile long demilitarized
zone (DMZ) along the 38th parallel
between two Koreas
DMZ
 ATTEMPTS AT
UNIFICATION
vIn 1970, under President Park Chung
Hee’s initiative, the South-North Red
Cross started to hold preliminary
dialogues at Panmunjon but failed

vin 1984, President Chun Doo Hwan

proposed trade and economic
cooperation between South and North
Korea but while preliminary
negotiations were taking place, North
 NORTH KOREA UNDER KIM
IL SUNG
vKim Il Sung, also known as the
“Greatest Leader of the Revolution” and
the supreme leader of the People’s
Republic of Korea since its
establishment

vhe was at first Premier, but under the

new constitution in December 1972 he
became the first president with Yi
Chong Ok as the premier

vOn February 24,1977, President Kim

Kim ilsung kim
jong il
vCentral Committee of Korean Communist Party,
led by Kim, controlled state powers

vin 1968, President Park Chung Hee was the

target of assassination attempts by North
Korean agents

vin 1974, Hee’s wife was killed

vOctober 9,1983, the worst act of terrorism when

a bomb exploded in Rangoon, killing 17 South
Korean officials, 4 of them are cabinet members
of President Chun Doo Hwan
vNovember 29 1987, a Korean Airlines
jet from Baghdad en-route to Seoul
exploded over the Andaman Sea near
Burma killing all 115 people on board,
one of the two Korean agents were
captured and confessed that they were
ordered to destroy the Airliner by Kim
Jong Il, the son of Kim Il Sung

vUS President George W. Bush included

North Korea into the so-called Axis Of
Evil, the list of countries which have
 NORTH KOREA
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea
(DPRK)
Type of Gov.:
Communist
Capital: Pyongyang
Language: korean
Total Area:120,540
km 2

46,528 sq mi 
Population:
 Touris
m
Tourism in North Korea is
organized by the state owned
Tourism Organisation
("Ryohaengsa"). Every group of
travelers as well as individual
tourist/visitors are permanently
accompanied by one or two
"guides" who normally speak the
mother language of the tourist.
KOREA
Hanguk
한국