QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF Morphology of the words Lesson 16

Lessons from the book MABADE ALARABIYAH basics of Arabic Grammar RASHEED SHARTOONI Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali

What is a verb?
A verb is a word that denotes an action or state in the past, present or future. For example: I was, (you) write , I wrote, I am I write, be, (he : (he was good) in the past and takes) in the present or future.

Mojarrad and Mazeed verbs

Verbs with Root letters
Any form of a verb that contains ONLY the root letters. He Hit He Wrote

Root Verbs with increased letters.

They wrote He went on strike

Note:
The Mojarrad Verb can have a dhummah, kasra or fatha on the Ayn of the verb. The Fa and La of the verb must be fatha for past tense. Past tense verbs are prefixed by the following letters: Seen, Alif, Laam, Taa, Meem, Wow, Noon Yaa, or Haa Mojarrad Three Lettered Verb has three forms

Mojarrad Four Lettered Verb has one form: Falala

A singular triliteral verb is a triliteral verb that only has its root letters, without any increased letter is called MOJARRAD . For example (he knew). A MAZEED triliteral verb with increased letter to its root can be as follows: A. Either one added letter: for example: ( he honored) AKRAMA. B. Or two added letters: ( he was set free). INTALAQA for example: C. Or three added letters: ( he asked for forgiveness). for example: ISTAGHFARA The book mentions ten forms of increased (MAZEED) verbs.

4&5-MOJARRAD and MAZEED

Mazeed with one letter

If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by one letter, you can have the following forms: 1. Fa ala with a shaddah on the AYN of the verb ) Form: Alima Allama (Taught) ( 2. Afala ( )Form: KaramaAkrama (Become Generous) ) Form: ShahadaShaahada 3. Faaala ( (Witness)

MAZEED with one increased letter

There are ten forms of triliteral verbs with increase letters, we will start with the form of one increased letter: There are three forms of triliteral verbs that have one increase letter: (FAALA)This is form II Here the second root A. (he notified) letter is doubled. For example: B. ( FAAALA) This is form III. Here an alif is added to the root. For example: ( he negotiated) C. This is form IV. Here a glottal stop is added to the beginning of the root. For example: ( he notified)

Mazeed with two letters

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Two letter, you can have the following 5 forms: 1. Tafaala with SHADDAH on AYN ( ) Form: Taallama (He Learned) 2. Tafaaal( )Form Tashaaraka (Associated)
3. 4. 5. Infaala( )Form: InTalaqa & Insarafa (Left) Iftaala( )Form: Ijtamaa (he met ) Ifaal a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( ) Form: Ihmarra (Become Red)

MAZEED with two increased letter

There are five forms of triliteral verbs that have two increase letters: ( TAFAALA)This is form V. Here a t is added and the A. ( he accepted second root letter is doubled. For example: with strength) ; in respond to a demand strongly B. ( TAFAAALA)This is form VI. Here a t and an alif are added. For example ( he met) ;both parties agreed and initiated the action ( INFAALA)This is form VII. Here a glottal stop and a nn are C. ( it was accepted) :action under added. For example: influence or under pressure D. ( IFTAALA)This is form VIII. Here a glottal stop (HAMZA) and a t are added. For example: ( he received) : Action with intention and purpose E. ( EFALLA)This is form IX. Here a glottal stop is added and the last root letter is doubled. For example: ( he become red): transformation to a description

Mazeed with three letter

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Three letter, you can have the following forms: 1. Istafal( ) Form: Istafsfara (Seeking the Meaning) 2. Ifawala( ) Form: Ihdowdaba (Bending) 3. Ifaall a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( )Form: Ikdhaarra (Becoming Very Green)

MAZEED with three increased letter

A. ( ISTAFALA)This is form X. Here a glottal stop, sn and t are added. For example: (he asked for forgiveness) B. ( IFAOWALA)This is form XII. Here a glottal stop and a ww are added along with another second root letter , example: (It was bent outward) For Form XI is not mentioned in this book

Four lettered Mazeed with max two

The increase in the Four lettered Mojarrad Verb by One or Two letters (A verb cannot exceed 6 letters), will be discussed further when studying the verbs in detail.

The infinitives for verbs with increase letters are as follows

becomes A. B. becomes C. becomes becomes D. E. becomes becomes F. becomes G. H. becomes becomes I. J. becomes

Four letter
becomes K. L. becomes M. becomes

THE DIVISION OF VERBS INTO PERFECT, SOUND, AND UNSOUND

A perfect verb is a verb that does not have any weak letters, glottal stops or doubled letters in its root. For example: (he hung, he killed, he hit) A sound verb is a verb that either has a glottal stop or a doubled letter in its root. For ( he extended, he ate) example:

 A double-letter verb is a verb that has two identical letters (he ran away). in its root. For example: If A verb that has a glottal stop in its a verb then it is ( he ate). considered sound. For example: A verb truly has a glottal stop or is truly a double-letter verb when the glottal stop or the two identical letters are in the root of the verb, not including added letters. NOTE:

Reminder

( INTALAQA) this verb does not have a glottal stop A. because its root is . (TALIQA) (QADDAMA)this verb is not a double letter verb B. because its root is . (QADIMA) C. ( QAATALA)This verb is not an unsound verb because its root is ( QATILA)

The verbs with vowels MOTAL (ALIF, WOW or YAA)

There are three types of weak verbs (vowel letters alif, ww or yin its root) : For example: MOTAL ALAWAL (he jumped) MOTAL ALAWSAT or ALTHANI (he slept) MOTAL ALAAKHIR (he became satisfied)

Glottal stop (HAMZA of QATA)

There are three types of verbs that have a glottal stop in their root: (he took) A. Glottal stop of the first root letter: B. Glottal stop of the second root letter: (he asked) ( he emerged) C. Glottal stop of the third root letter:

Strong Verbs
Strong verbs have all 3 root letters as consonants. (Doubled, has Shad-da) The second and third letter are the same (has Shad-da) - shook - Returned - Stretched (Verb with Hamza) One of the root letters is a Hamza - Read - Asked - Took ( Complete) If they do not fit in the above 2 categories, the Verb is a Strong Verb - Hit

Definition Weak Verbs

Weak Verbs are categorized by identifying the placement of the vowel
Beginning (Mithaal)
- Found, Gave up hope

Middle (Al-Ajoof - Hollow)

- Said

End (Naqis-incomplete)
Become close, - met

 A verb that has two weak (vowel) letters is called a cluster verb. There are two kinds of cluster verbs: A. A cluster verb that has a weak (vowel) letter in the first and third root letters. For example: (he completed) B. A cluster verb that has a weak letter in the second and third root letters. (it roasted) For example:

Cluster Verb