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Wind Tunnels
Objective
Accurately simulate the fluid flow about atmospheric vehicles Measure -Forces, moments, pressure, shear stress, heat transfer, flow field
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Exhaust
Test Section 18 inch Diameter 25 to 1 Contraction Screens High Contraction Wind Tunnel Top View
Diffuser
Double Return
SUBSONIC TUNNELS
Low speed wind tunnels are used for
operations at very low mach number(M<0.5), with speeds in the test section up to 480 km/h They may be of open-return type with air moved by a propulsion system.
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or transonic wind tunnels (0.75 < M < 1.2) are designed on the same principles as the subsonic wind tunnels.
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additional problems, mainly due to the reflection of the shock waves from the walls of the test section
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8x6 Functions & Capabilities The 8x6 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel provides customers with a Facility capable of testing large scale aero propulsion hardware Relative altitude 1000 - 35000 ft Dynamic Pressure 3.6 - 4.8 x 106/f Temperature 60 - 250oF
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that produces supersonic speeds (1.2<M<5) The Mach number and flow are determined by the nozzle geometry.
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generate a hypersonic flow field in the working section. The speed of these tunnels vary from Mach 5 to 15.
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exerted (lift & drag forces so termed force test) The balance can measure only two forces: lift & drag
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reduced the pressure in the manometer tubes and draws the water level up to a high level The lower the pressure, the higher the water level goes
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the bodys aerodynamic properties Tufting allows for the flow pattern visualization
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Flow Patterns
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1.Force Balance 2.Static Pressure Measurement 3.Strain gauge 4.Spring Gauge 5.Laser Doppler Velocimetry 6.Laser Sheet
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FORCE BALANCE
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STRAIN GAUGE
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SPRING GAUGE
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LASER SHEET
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on aerodynamically to the vehicle by measuring forces exerted on the body through a 6 component balance.
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down force, but a wind tunnel will tell you in fact if it is, how much, and how it affected the overall front to rear balance of your car.
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(front & rear), and side force (front & rear), yaw/pitch/roll moments, in order to see the big picture of what is really happening for any given configuration.
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Few Examples
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will cost you anywhere from 1.6crores to 4.1crores. This type of tunnel can accommodate skydivers as well as tourists.
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Largest USA) 4.Langley Low Pressure Turbulence Wind Tunnel(NASA Virginia USA)
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REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.com www.nasa.org
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THANK YOU
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